They go beyond traditional home setups to provide scalable wireless connectivity within your business and meet its demanding needs.

The following are our recommendations for the top enterprise Wi-Fi solutions:

• NETGEAR Business WiFi: Best overall enterprise Wi-Fi.
• Juniper Mist: Best for large enterprises.
• Ubiquiti UniFi: Best for small to medium businesses.
• Sophos Wireless: Best for mixed device environments.
• Cisco Meraki MR: Best for challenging enterprise environments.
• HPE Aruba WLAN: Best for hybrid environments.
• Cambium Enterprise Wi-Fi: Best for service providers.
• ExtremeWireless: Best for high-density environments.
• Fortinet Secure Wireless LAN: Best for remote work.

Top enterprise Wi-Fi solutions comparison

Below is an overview of the best business Wi-Fi solutions today. It shows their speed, range of hardware selection, free trial availability, and pricing details.

NETGEAR Business WiFi

Best overall enterprise Wi-Fi

Overall rating: 4.75/5

• Cost: 5/5
• Core features: 5/5
• Integrations: 4.75/5
• Customer support: 4.75/5
• Ease of use: 5/5

NETGEAR Business WiFi is a comprehensive solution providing a range of products customizable to your exact business needs. It delivers high performance with its Wi-Fi 6 technology feature that enables high-speed, reliable, and efficient connections.

This enterprise Wi-Fi comes with advanced Instant VPN, Instant Captive Portal, Instant Mesh, and Instant Wi-Fi features that let your business maximize your network’s potential effortlessly.

Product design: NETGEAR Insight is a cloud-based platform for the remote management of NETGEAR Business WiFi. Its well-organized dashboard shows a clear overview of your network status and device information, making it easier for you to handle different aspects of your network. It also allows you to customize your summary views so you can control what you want to see.

Product development: NETGEAR has added the S3600 Series to its Smart Switch lineup. These switches aim to address the growing networking demands of high-bandwidth applications and devices in the workplace through high-speed connectivity, and ease of setup and configuration. This product line expansion demonstrates NETGEAR’s dedication to continually enhancing their offerings to meet the evolving needs of their customers.

Why we picked NETGEAR Business WiFi

NETGEAR Business WiFi is our best overall enterprise Wi-Fi because it is cost effective, packed with sophisticated features, and has broad integration capabilities. It also has advanced security features such as WPA3 encryption, robust authentication mechanisms, and secure key management, ensuring the safety of your network.

On top of that, it is user-friendly, offers a wide selection of Wi-Fi hardware appliances, and has solid customer support.

Pros and cons

Pricing

NETGEAR Business WiFi has two pricing plans:

• Insight Premium: Starts at $0.83/device/month
• Insight Pro: Starts at $1.83/device/month

Get in touch with their sales team to find out more.

Features

• High-speed connectivity.
• Wi-Fi 6 technology.
• Supports WPA3 encryption and authentication mechanisms.
• Remote network management.
• Advanced device profiling.
• User role management.
• Analytics and reporting features.
• Network segmentation.
• Dynamic mesh networking.
• Auto-configuration and provisioning.
• Guest access capabilities.
• Insight Instant Captive Portal.
• Support for multiple locations and devices.
• Quality of service (QoS) packet scheduling.
• Distributed denial of service (DDoS) prevention.

Juniper Mist

Best for large enterprises

Overall rating: 4.75/5

• Cost: 3.75/5
• Core features: 5/5
• Integrations: 5/5
• Customer support: 5/5
• Ease of use: 5/5

Juniper Mist is a modern, cloud-based wireless network solution that leverages AI and machine learning (ML) to deliver high-performance Wi-Fi while maintaining visibility and control. It offers features such as AI-driven operations, cloud portal, and automation capabilities, making it an excellent choice for large enterprises with complex networks.

Juniper Mist’s AI-driven operations give optimized configurations, maximum performance, and optimized packet scheduling for increased capacity. Additionally, its cloud portal and automation capabilities streamline network management, simplifying management at a large scale.

Product design: The Juniper Mist has an intuitive and straightforward interface that’s easy on the eyes. It presents a holistic view of your network with simple tabs and menus that separate different components. The uncluttered design can aid you to quickly identify and fix any network issues, thereby minimizing business downtime and ensuring a smooth user experience.

Product development: Since acquiring Mist Systems in 2019, Juniper Networks continues to focus on AI and cloud services. In 2023, it unveiled a series of enhancements to its AI-driven enterprise portfolio, including integration of ChatGPT with Marvis, Juniper’s unique AI-driven virtual network assistant.

Marvis now allows you to conveniently access knowledge base information using advanced Large Language Models (LLM). This means users can pose technical queries to Marvis and receive not only precise answers, but also a curated list of relevant documents.

Why we picked Juniper Mist

Juniper Mist is one of our choices of top commercial Wi-Fi solutions because of its innovative use of AI and ML for efficient troubleshooting and decision-making. These intelligent capabilities improve overall network performance as well as end-user experience.

Pros and cons

Pricing

Juniper Networks states that Juniper Mist has a subscription-based licensing model, but does not reveal actual pricing. Contact their sales team to request a call.

Features

• AI-driven operations.
• Cloud portal.
• Automation capabilities.
• Asset tracking and room utilization.
• Visitor segmentation and trends.
• Network segmentation.
• Monitoring and behavior reports.
• WAN visibility.
• Secure guest access.
• Customizable guest portal.
• External captive portal integration.
• Single Sign-On (SSO) with identity provider.
• Template-based configuration.
• Dynamic mesh networking.
• Auto-configuration and provisioning.
• Self-healing network.
• WPA3 encryption.
• Advanced authentication mechanisms (802.1X, EAP).
• Secure key management.
• On-premises deployment support.

Ubiquiti UniFi

Best for small to medium businesses

Overall rating: 4.25/5

• Cost: 2.5/5
• Core features: 5/5
• Integrations: 4.75/5
• Customer support: 4/5
• Ease of use: 4.25/5

Ubiquiti UniFi has a range of devices such as access points, switches, and routers, all managed through a single software interface. Some of its key features are high-performance Wi-Fi, advanced device profiling, user role management, and support for dynamic mesh networking.

Ubiquiti UniFi is well-suited for SMBs due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. The system is designed to grow with your business, allowing you to add devices as needed without significant increases in management complexity. What’s more, the absence of licensing fees for its management software makes it a cost-effective choice for small to medium organizations.

Product design: The UniFi Controller software shows a visual overview of your network’s status and performance. It displays real-time data on network traffic, connected devices, Wi-Fi experiences and clients, as well as APs. The extensive details shown on the dashboard could be confusing and intimidating to some users.

Product development: Ubiquiti’s release of the UniFi Network Application 8.0.24 introduces Admin Settings Change Logs for tracking changes, raises the network limit to 255 for managing larger networks, and includes stability fixes for a more reliable network.

Why we picked Ubiquiti UniFi

We selected Ubiquiti UniFi because it combines performance, scalability, and affordability. Its extensive hardware selection also makes it a smart choice for businesses looking to build and manage their own networks.

Pros and cons

Pricing

Ubiquiti’s software license is free and bundled with the Wi-Fi hardware product. UniFi Enterprise Wi-Fi device prices start at $279.00.

Features

• High-performance Wi-Fi.
• Advanced device profiling.
• Network segmentation.
• User role management.
• Dynamic mesh networking.
• Auto-configuration and provisioning.
• Self-healing network.
• WPA3 encryption.
• Secure key management.
• Guest access capabilities.
• Secure guest networks.
• Captive portal support.
• Remote management.
• License-free software.
• Advanced QoS.
• Per-user rate limiting.
• Real-time traffic dashboards.
• Visual topology maps.
• Support for admin settings change logs.

Sophos Wireless

Best for mixed device environments

Overall rating: 4.5/5

• Cost: 3.75/5
• Core features: 4.5/5
• Integrations: 5/5
• Customer support: 4.75/5
• Ease of use: 5/5

Sophos Wireless is a high-performance Wi-Fi solution managed through Sophos Central, a cloud-based security management platform. It comes with a range of functionalities, such as centralized management, advanced analytics and reporting, guest access capabilities, and advanced device profiling.

The adaptive nature of Sophos Wireless guarantees seamless integration and support for a diverse set of devices, like various operating systems and device types. This adaptability is crucial in environments where users utilize different devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets. Moreover, it enables a smooth and uninterrupted user experience as devices move within the network through the Fast Transition feature.

Product design: The Sophos Central lets you manage your Wi-Fi alongside your firewalls and switches, endpoint and server security and operations, and email protection. It offers at-a-glance insights into your enterprise network without looking complex and overwhelming. The dashboard is well-rounded, user-friendly, and provides deeper intelligence into network activity through analytics.

Product development: Sophos launched the AP6 Series, which supports Wi-Fi 6/6E, improves performance, and reduces latency. This series comprises various models designed for diverse environments, including indoor and outdoor settings. This means customers can 

Why we picked Sophos Wireless

We picked Sophos Wireless as one of our recommended business Wi-Fi solutions for its advanced security features, high performance, and centralized management capabilities. It comes with strong security measures, including advanced threat protection, secure access controls, and encryption. With high-speed connectivity reaching up to 8350 Mbps, Sophos Wireless meets the demands of high-density networks. Finally, the centralized management interface simplifies administration tasks for businesses.

Pros and cons

Pricing

Sophos mentions on its licensing guide that Sophos Wireless has per-appliance-pricing but does not provide exact prices. Contact their sales for additional details.

Features

• Centralized management.
• Local user interface.
• Scheduled firmware upgrades.
• Mesh networking.
• Dynamic VLAN and RADIUS.
• Web categorization.
• Network segmentation.
• Application visibility.
• Synchronized security.
• Multiple SSIDs.
• Time-based SSIDs.
• Client load balancing.
• Auto channel selection.
• Channel width selection.
• Band steering.
• Airtime fairness.
• Keep broadcasting SSID.
• Roaming assistant.
• Fast Transition feature.
• Captive portal.
• Auto power.
• Enterprise-level authentication.
• Rogue AP detection.
• Voucher authentication.
• Social login.

Cisco Meraki MR

Best for challenging enterprise environments

Overall rating: 4/5

• Cost: 2.5/5
• Core features: 4.75/5
• Integrations: 3.75/5
• Customer support: 3.75/5
• Ease of use: 5/5

The Cisco Meraki MR series is a line of cloud-managed access points with simplified deployment and troubleshooting, making it an ideal solution for challenging enterprise environments that require end-to-end network management.

Additionally, they use advanced Wi-Fi 6 technologies, including orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) and multi-user, multiple input, multiple output (MU-MIMO), beam forming, and channel bonding, delivering the throughput and reliable coverage required by demanding business applications.

This enterprise Wi-Fi also supports auto-configuration and provisioning, ensuring a self-healing network that can adapt to changes and failures in challenging network environments.

Product design: It has a simple dashboard with components neatly grouped together in a sidebar. However, this extreme simplicity lacks granularity in terms of data shown.

Product development: Cisco Meraki recently added a new Callbacks feature in the Meraki Dashboard API, focusing on providing tools that offer automation, efficiency, and convenience. This feature lets you initiate pinging a device or executing a phased deployment, and step back. You receive a notification at your specified webhook URL once it completes the operation.

Why we picked Cisco Meraki MR

We selected Cisco Meraki MR series because of its versatility and ability to adapt to complex network environments, coupled with robust security measures and extensive integration capabilities.

Pros and cons

Pricing

Cisco Meraki doesn’t display the pricing details on their website. Get in touch with their sales team to learn more.

Features

• Self-configuring plug-and-play deployment.
• 802.11ax MU-MIMO with up to eight spatial streams built for voice and video.
• Dedicated radio for security and RF optimization with integrated spectrum analysis (indoor models).
• Advanced security to protect against malware, ransomware, and C2 callbacks with Umbrella integration.
• Integrated intrusion detection and prevention system (WIDS/WIPS).
• Intelligent firmware upgrades.
• Network segmentation.
• AI/ML-powered analytics for root cause analysis and Wi-Fi troubleshooting.
• Advanced application visibility with Cisco Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR).
• Flexible group policy engine.
• Wi-Fi personal network (WPN) on any shared network.
• Integrated Bluetooth IoT radio.
• IoT ready (ESL integration).
• Self-healing, zero-configuration mesh.
• Role-based administration.
• Email and text message alerts upon power loss, downtime, or configuration changes.
• FIPS-140-2 compliant, IPv6 compatible, WFA-certified APs.

HPE Aruba WLAN

Best for hybrid environments

Overall rating: 4/5

• Cost: 2.5/5
• Core features: 4.75/5
• Integrations: 5/5
• Customer support: 5/5
• Ease of use: 2.5/5

HPE Aruba WLAN is a business-grade wireless LAN solution with cloud-native, microservices architecture that streamlines IT operations, boosts agility, and reduces costs by unifying the management of all network infrastructure. This enterprise Wi-Fi is well-suited for hybrid environments due to its scalability, seamless integration with hybrid cloud services, unified management capabilities for wired and wireless networks.

HPE Aruba WLAN has the latest Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E standards for high-speed and stable connectivity. Furthermore, it uses artificial intelligence (AI) to power its network operations and proactively identify and resolve network issues. It also comes with advanced security features, including encryption, authentication, and access controls, bolstering overall network security.

Product design: The Aruba Central dashboard gives a unified view of wired and wireless local area networks (LANs), WANs, and virtual private networks (VPNs) across multiple locations. It offers AI-powered insights, visualizations, workflow automation, and edge-to-cloud security, to ease network management. That said, it has numerous options and settings that may require time and effort to fully understand and navigate.

Product development: HPE Aruba Networking introduced the Aruba Instant On AP22D and the Aruba Instant On 1960 stackable switch to enable small to medium businesses (SMBs) to improve networks with faster speeds, increased capacity, and strengthened security.

Why we picked HPE Aruba WLAN

We chose HPE Aruba WLAN because of its state-of-the-art functionalities combined with high high security levels and dependability. In addition, this enterprise Wi-Fi It is compatible with the latest Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E protocols, guaranteeing better efficiency and bandwidth.

Pros and cons

Pricing

HPE Aruba doesn’t publish pricing information on their page. Connect with their sales department for full pricing details.

Features

• Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E support.
• Support for digital transformation and IoT.
• Cloud-managed networking.
• AI-powered network operations.
• Security for the Intelligent Edge.
• Guest encryption.
• Aruba WLAN Portfolio with indoor, outdoor, ruggedized, and remote access points.
• Gateways and controllers.
• OFDMA.
• Target wake time (TWT).
• Dynamic mesh networking.
• Auto-configuration and provisioning.
• Self-healing network.
• Location analytics.

Cambium Enterprise Wi-Fi

Best for service providers

Overall rating: 3.5/5

• Cost: 0/5
• Core features: 4.5/5
• Integrations: 4/5
• Customer support: 3.5/5
• Ease of use: 5/5

Cambium Enterprise Wi-Fi supports the latest Wi-Fi standards, including Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E, delivering high-performance wireless network connections. The solution offers built-in security features and guest access capabilities. In addition, it supports dynamic mesh networking, auto-configuration and provisioning, and self-healing network capabilities, boosting scalability.

This scalability is particularly advantageous for service providers, like broadband service providers or network-as-a-service (NaaS) providers dealing with diverse network sizes and customer needs, as it allows for smooth expansion as demand grows. Of course, this enterprise Wi-Fi also has security features, including encryption and authentication, addressing the concern of data security.

Product design: Cambium’s cnMaestro dashboard brings a single-pane-of-glass view of all network devices and their performance. It includes network statistics, channel utilization graphs, and remote troubleshooting tools. Real-time and historical analytics give insights into network performance, usage patterns, and potential issues.

Product development: Cambium Networks updated its network management system, cnMaestro 4.1, elevating automation and analytics and reducing costs. The new feature, cnMaestro X Assurance, uses analytics to identify and resolve network issues quickly. Other features include Personal Wi-Fi for secure connectivity across campus networks, and Network Service Edge for security and SD-WAN services.

Why we picked Cambium Enterprise Wi-Fi 

We picked Cambium Enterprise Wi-Fi for its scalability, comprehensive feature set, and support for the latest Wi-Fi standards that promotes fast and efficient wireless network connections. Its analytics and reporting features also provide valuable insights for network optimization. 

Pros and cons

Pricing

Cambium doesn’t disclose pricing details on their official website. Contact their sales representative for a quote.

Features

• Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E support.
• Cloud-first architecture.
• Zero-touch provisioning and maintenance.
• Policy-based access.
• Built-in security features.
• Network segmentation.
• Guest access capabilities.
• Analytics and reporting features.
• Dynamic mesh networking.
• Self-healing network.
• cnMaestro management system.
• Network service edge.
• Advanced device profiling and segmentation.
• Seamless roaming.
• Automatic RF optimization and interference avoidance.

ExtremeWireless

Best for high-density environments

Overall rating: 3.5/5

• Cost: 0/5
• Core features: 5/5
• Integrations: 4.25/5
• Customer support: 3.75/5
• Ease of use: 4.25/5

ExtremeWireless by Extreme Networks leverages explainable machine learning (ML) to increase IT efficiency and secure the network with Universal Universal Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA). This enterprise Wi-Fi solution also uses ExtremeCloud IQ for management, bringing end-to-end visibility and data-driven AIOps for faster network issue resolution.

ExtremeWireless excels in high-density environments thanks to its tri-radio indoor universal APs offering Wi-Fi 6E coverage. These APs can run multiple operating systems for on-premises and/or cloud management, making ExtremeWireless a top choice for environments that need high-speed, high-capacity networks like stadiums, large venues, and conference centers. The high data rates ensure seamless connectivity even in areas with a large number of concurrent users, elevating user experience.

Product design: The ExtremeWireless dashboard gives a detailed insight of the network status with elaborate charts to help monitor the overall status of the wireless network. However, it  presents many tabs, sections, and subsections that can make it challenging for some users to locate certain capabilities.

Product development: Extreme Networks has presented the ExtremeCloud Universal ZTNA, a groundbreaking solution that integrates network, application, and device access security into one platform. This will provide a consistent security policy across the entire network and make it easier for IT teams to manage and secure user access across multiple locations. The solution is set to be available in early 2024.

Why we picked ExtremeWireless

We selected ExtremeWireless because its high data rates and reliability promotes consistent and stable wireless connectivity. Its scalability allows organizations to easily expand their networks to accommodate growth.

Pros and cons

Pricing

Extreme Networks doesn’t disclose pricing structure for ExtremeWireless. For updated prices, get in touch with their sales team.

Features

• Cloud management.
• Explainable ML secures networks with Universal ZTNA.
• End-to-end visibility.
• Data-driven AIOps.
• Context-based optimization.
• Advanced captive portal support.
• Full-stack management of access points, switches, and SD-WAN through ExtremeCloud IQ.
• Advanced device profiling.
• User role management.
• Analytics and reporting.
• Dynamic mesh networking.
• Auto-configuration and provisioning.
• Tri-Radio access points.
• Software-selectable operating systems.
• Interference-free spectrum.
• Extended temperature range.

Fortinet Secure Wireless LAN

Best for remote work

Overall rating: 3.25/5

• Cost: 0/5
• Core features: 4.5/5
• Integrations: 4/5
• Customer support: 4.75/5
• Ease of use: 2.5/5

Fortinet Secure Wireless LAN integrates wireless and wired access, security, authentication, switching, and management into a single system. Some of its key features include secure networking, end-to-end network visibility, automated threat response, unified management, and flexible deployment options. It also supports zero-touch deployment, making it fast and simple to deploy without needing on-site tech support.

Fortinet Secure Wireless LAN is best for remote work environments because of its specific features for encryption and wireless connection security, safeguarding sensitive data and communications as remote employees access corporate networks. Additionally, its focus on integrated security policies makes sure that remote workers benefit from advanced threat protection, reducing the risk of cyber threats.

Product design: This enterprise Wi-Fi solution has a highly-detailed software interface with graphs and intricate details for status, analysis, and diagnostics. This abundance of in-depth information can be overwhelming for some users.

Product development: Fortinet launched high-performance FortiSwitch 600 and 2000 to cater to the growing connectivity needs of campuses. These products have embedded intelligence and readily integrate with Fortinet’s AIOps management tool and FortiGuard AI-Powered Security Services.

Why we picked Fortinet Secure Wireless LAN

Despite losing some points for its lack of transparent pricing or free trial, Fortinet Secure Wireless LAN made it to our list because of its solid security features and flexibility.

It incorporates threat protection, encryption, and consolidated security policies, fortifying wireless networks against potential threats. Furthermore, it has tight integration with other Fortinet security products, forming a cohesive security infrastructure.

Pros and cons

Pricing

Pricing information is not available on Fortinet’s website. For updated pricing, reach out to their sales department.

Features

• Secure networking.
• Integrates with the Fortinet Security Fabric.
• End-to-end network visibility.
• Automated threat response.
• Unified management.
• Flexible deployment.
• Zero-touch deployment.
• Network segmentation.
• Secure access service edge (SASE).
• Wireless presence analytics.
• Device profiling.
• Role-based access control (RBAC).
• Wireless mesh network.
• IoT segmentation.
• Captive portal.

Key features of enterprise Wi-Fi solutions

Enterprise Wi-Fi solutions should have features for security, high-performance, guest access, device management, scalability, and integrated hardware selection.

Security

Security is a critical feature of an enterprise Wi-Fi solution that includes measures to safeguard the network from unauthorized access and data breaches. This entails implementing access controls, encryption protocols to protect data during transmission, and mechanisms to prevent unauthorized users from gaining access. Wi-Fi network security is a must, especially in the age of advanced connectivity and the proliferation of 5G network providers.

High-performance capability

Enterprise Wi-Fi performance refers to the speed, reliability, and overall efficiency of the network. A high-performance Wi-Fi network contributes to productivity by guaranteeing quick and uninterrupted access to resources and applications. It also positively influences the user experience for employees, customers, and guests.

Guest access

Guest access lets non-employees connect to the Wi-Fi network with restricted privileges. This functionality gives convenience for visitors and clients to access the internet while visiting the enterprise. Simultaneously, it segregates guest traffic from the internal network, mitigating potential security risks.

Device management

Device management involves monitoring, controlling, and handling devices connected to the Wi-Fi network. It aids in inventory management by keeping track of all connected devices, facilitating troubleshooting efforts, and equipping administrators to enforce security policies. Effective device management strengthens network integrity and optimizes the operation of connected hardware devices.

Scalability

Scalability determines the ability of the enterprise Wi-Fi solution to adapt to the growing demands of an expanding enterprise. It supports business growth by accommodating an increasing number of users and devices. This feature aids in the addition of new access points and network infrastructure as needed and prevents congestion and performance degradation as the network expands.

Integrated hardware selection

The selection of hardware is another key aspect of an enterprise Wi-Fi solution, and vendors often offer a comprehensive hardware ecosystem tailored to complement their Wi-Fi software. This encompasses access points, controllers, switches, firewalls, and antennas for smooth integration.

How we evaluated enterprise Wi-Fi solutions

We thoroughly analyzed various options available in the current market to identify the best-performing enterprise Wi-Fi solutions today.

Our evaluation concentrated on five key criteria: cost, core features, integrations, customer support, and ease of use. We systematically assessed the performance of each enterprise Wi-Fi based on these criteria, assigning ratings and subsequently calculating their overall scores.

Cost – 20%

For this category, we considered the pricing transparency and the availability of free trial, as well as its duration.

Criterion winner: NETGEAR Business WiFi.

Core features – 30%

To determine scores for core features, we researched if each enterprise Wi-Fi solution has built-in features for security, high-performance, guest access, device management, and analytics and reporting. We also measured if the solution is scalable and checked the extensiveness of their selection of hardware devices.

Criterion winners: NETGEAR Business WiFi, Juniper Mist, and Ubiquiti UniFi.

Integrations – 20%

To calculate scores for this category, we considered if the enterprise Wi-Fi supports direct integration with third-party tools for network management and monitoring, security information and event management (SIEM), identity and access management (IAM), and cloud services and applications. We also considered support for custom integrations.

Criterion winners: HPE Aruba WLAN, Juniper Mist, and Sophos Wireless.

Customer support – 15%

We checked the availability of 24×7 customer support services to compute scores for this category. We verified whether support is accessible via live chat, phone, and email, and if the vendor has an active user community and in-depth documentation. Customer feedback is also taken into account in calculating the scores for this criterion.

Criterion winners: HPE Aruba WLAN and Juniper Mist.

Ease of use – 15%

For ease of use, we factored in the user-friendliness of the enterprise Wi-Fi’s software as well as the simplicity of its configuration/setup for all users, regardless of technical expertise. We looked into feedback from independent sources to find out how users feel about the solution.

Criterion winners: Cisco Meraki MR, Cambium Enterprise Wi-Fi, Juniper Mist, and Sophos Wireless.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who needs an enterprise Wi-Fi solution?

Enterprise Wi-Fi solutions are important for businesses and organizations that operate in environments where a substantial number of users rely on wireless connectivity, such as corporate offices, educational institutions, and healthcare facilities.

These solutions are also valuable if your business involves extensive data transmission, multiple devices accessing the network concurrently, or demands stringent security measures.

What are good office Wi-Fi solutions?

Based on our extensive evaluation, NETGEAR Business WiFi and Juniper Mist are the top two best office Wi-Fi solutions in terms of core features.

Bottom line: Keep your business connected with the top Wi-Fi solutions

The top enterprise Wi-Fi solutions on this list are designed to give you an idea of the top players in the market and what you should expect from commercial Wi-Fi solutions. In selecting the best enterprise Wi-Fi for your business, don’t forget to check its security features, scalability, customer support quality, integration capabilities, and ease of use, in addition to its speed and cost.

This guide serves as a reference to help you decide which solution to choose for your organization, depending on your budget, business size, and specific needs.

Enterprise Wi-Fi solutions and network switches work together to enhance your organization’s connectivity. Read our guide on the best network switches to find out our top recommendations and further bolster your network infrastructure.

The post Top 9 Enterprise Wi-Fi Solutions for Businesses in 2024 appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

A core element of internet connectivity, a router is a device that allows multiple devices to connect to the internet and facilitates the forwarding of data packets to their respective destination addresses. Using dynamic routing techniques, a router examines the data and selects the most effective route for information flow among the various available paths.

What exactly does a router do?

The primary function of a router is forwarding (or routing) data packets between networks. In networking, data packets are the fundamental information units that are transferred over the internet. Every data packet contains a source IP address and a destination IP address. A router’s job is to efficiently route an IP packet from the source station to its destination station without any hindrances.

Routers have various other functions as well, including:

• Simplifying management: Given the limited number of available IP addresses, routers use Network Address Translation (NAT), which allows several devices to share a single public IP address. NAT also improves network security and simplifies network management.
• Packet filtering: Routers monitor incoming and outgoing packets for suspicious traffic using filtering techniques. They decide whether to allow or disallow packets based on screening filters like port numbers, IP addresses, and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) messages.
• Dynamic routing: In dynamic routing, routers adapt to changes in networks and take the best path based on real-time conditions. If a router detects a failure in a network’s section, it consults its routing table and reroutes the traffic to an alternate path.
• Classifying traffic: With the help of Quality of Service (QoS), routers prioritize which traffic will receive more preferential treatment.

How do routers work?

When a router receives a data packet, it reads its IP header to understand where it is headed. To begin with, it checks its routing table with the details of paths to various network destinations. These routing tables use algorithms that help pick the best path to reach that destination.

The router then sends packets to the next node until they reach the destination, allowing for smooth data transmission.

Components of a network router

A network router comprises both internal and external components. The internal components are:

• CPU: Routers have CPUs that can efficiently determine the most optimal route for packets while keeping track of them.  
• Memory: A router uses different types of memory like RAM, Read Only Memory (ROM), Flash, and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM).
  • RAM: RAM is the main memory in routers, but only temporarily stores data. If the router is turned off, all data is erased.
  • Flash: Flash memory is a type of non-volatile memory designed for storing a router’s operating system. The content stored in flash memory is not affected even when the router is shut down.
  • NVRAM: NVRAM is a kind of non-volatile RAM that can save data even after a router has been turned off.
• Interfaces/ports: Routers support multiple interfaces/ports like Ethernet and Serial to connect to various wires. In Ethernet, the router supports FastEthernet and GigabitEthernet, while Serial supports HDLC, PPP, and Frame Relay.

The external components of a router include:

• WAN Port: The WAN port connects to the wide area network or the internet.
• LAN Port: The LAN port connects to the local area network, enabling communication between connected devices.

Main types of routers

Routers used to be essentially the same: a piece of hardware that allowed devices to communicate with each other across a network. But today, routers can take many different forms. Here are some of the most common:

• Wired router: The original router type, wired routers use physical Ethernet cables to share data over networks.
• Wireless router: Wireless routers allow Wi-Fi internet connections through built-in access points. These routers are widely used in homes and small offices and can support multiple devices simultaneously.
• Edge router: An edge router is a specialized wire or wireless router that resides at the boundary of a network. These routers don’t communicate with internal networks; instead, they communicate with external networks.
• Virtual router: Virtual routers are a type of software that allows computers to function as efficiently as physical routers. They work similarly to physical routers by sharing data packets and can be scaled up quickly when required. As a result, they are an excellent option for businesses looking for high-performance networking solutions.
• Core router: Core routers are another form of specialized routers that forward data within the core of the network. They are ideal for large organizations and are designed to handle high traffic.

What are the most common router issues?

Routers can face many issues. Below are common router issues and how to troubleshoot them:

Slow network

It is common to encounter slow networks where several clients are attempting to connect to a router that may or may not have enough capacity to accommodate all of them. In such cases, the router may slow down internet speed on one or more of the connected devices.

To troubleshoot a slow network, you can unplug the router and wait 30 seconds before plugging it back in.

Weak signal

If your router is old or placed in an unsuitable location, it may block the Wi-Fi signal. In addition to that, physical interferences, such as large appliances or thick walls, can also result in low signal strength.

For a strong Wi-Fi signal, remove obstructions between your router and wireless devices. Also, place your router on a high surface and keep it updated. In a large area, you may need to use one or more Wi-Fi extenders.

You get locked out

There are a few ways you can get locked out of your router. Perhaps you have forgotten your password, or it may have been hacked.

Regardless of the cause, if you get locked out, you can reset your router password by pressing the reset button for at least 10 seconds.

Router protocols

Routers use routing protocols to build routing tables that contain details about the paths available to different networks. With this information, the router can determine the most optimal route for each data packet.

Types of router protocols

There are various types of router protocols. Here are some of the most common:

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

One of the oldest routing protocols, RIP is an interior gateway protocol that uses a distance vector algorithm to route packets to their destination. Distance vector routing determines the best path for data packets with a simple calculation of how many routers the packet has to pass through (or “hop”) to reach its destination.

However, RIP is not the best option for large and complex networks. That’s because it is designed to only broadcast updates every 30 seconds — which was enough in the early days of networks, but can’t support modern network traffic volumes — and only supports up to 15 hops.

The newer version of this protocol, RIPv2 (and its IPv6 extension, RIPng), improves on the shortcomings of RIP and provides additional features like multicasting, password authentication, variable length subnet masking, poison reverse, and more — but it’s still limited to a maximum hop count of 15.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol designed for TCP/IP environments. It calculates the best path the packets should take to reach their destination using Dijkstra’s algorithm.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

BGP is a gateway protocol developed to replace EGP. Its primary function is to transfer data packages between autonomous systems (AS) using the best path selection algorithm. Prominent features are support for next-hop, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and efficient network bandwidth utilization.

Immediate System-to-Immediate System (IS-IS)

IS-IS is a link state and classless protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to find the optimal path for data transmission. It is used for routing in autonomous systems.

Router vs. switch vs. modem

While a router, switch, and modem might look similar, each is used differently, combining to facilitate internet connectivity for homes, businesses, and other organizations.

Bottom line: Routers facilitate efficient network communication

A router is a literally essential component of modern network computing — without it, most network connectivity would be impossible. A good router ensures fast, reliable, and secure data transmission across networks.

Network administrators should have a comprehensive understanding of routers, including their types and uses. This knowledge will help them decide which router to choose for their organization and optimize their network’s performance.

Get to know the best enterprise Wi-Fi solutions and providers to maximize efficiency and uptime on your organization’s network.

The post What Is a Router in Networking? Core Function Explained appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

Optical networking is a technology that uses light signals to transmit data through fiber-optic cables. It encompasses a system of components, including optical transmitters, optical amplifiers, and fiber-optic infrastructure to facilitate high-speed communication over long distances.

This technology supports the transmission of large amounts of data with high bandwidth, enabling faster and more efficient communication compared to traditional copper-based networks.

Main components of optical networking

The main components of optical networking include fiber optic cables, optical transmitters, optical amplifiers, optical receivers, transceivers, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), optical switches and routers, optical cross-connects (OXCs), and optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs).

Fiber optic cables

Fiber optic cables are a type of high-capacity transmission medium with glass or plastic strands known as optical fibers. 

These fibers carry light signals over long distances with minimal signal loss and high data transfer rates. A cladding material surrounds the core of each fiber, reflecting the light signals back into the core for efficient transmission.

Fiber optic cables are widely used in telecommunications and networking applications due to immunity to electromagnetic interference and reduced signal attenuation compared to traditional copper cables.

Optical transmitters

Optical transmitters convert electrical signals into optical signals for transmission over fiber optic cables. Their primary function is to modulate a light source, usually a laser diode or light-emitting diode (LED), in response to electrical signals representing data.

Optical amplifiers

Strategically placed along the optical fiber network, optical amplifiers boost the optical signals to maintain signal strength over extended distances. This component compensates for signal attenuation and allows the distance signals to travel without expensive and complex optical-to-electrical signal conversion.

The primary types of optical amplifiers include:

• Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA): EDFAs employ erbium-doped optical fiber. When exposed to light at a specific wavelength, erbium ions within the fiber absorb and re-emit photons, amplifying the optical signal. Typically used in the 1550 nm range, EDFA is a key component for long-haul communication.
• Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA): SOAs amplify optical signals through semiconductor materials. Incoming optical signals induce stimulated emission within the semiconductor, resulting in signal improvement. SOAs specialize in short-range and access network scenarios.
• Raman amplifier: Raman amplifiers use the Raman scattering effect in optical fibers. Pump light at a different wavelength interacts with the optical signal, transferring energy and intensifying it. This type of amplifier is versatile and can operate at various wavelengths, including the commonly used 1550 nm range.

Optical receivers

At the reception end of the optical link, optical receivers transform incoming optical signals back into electrical signals.

Transceivers

Transceivers, short for transmitter-receiver, are multifunctional devices that combine the functionalities of both optical transmitters and receivers into a single unit, facilitating bidirectional communication over optical fiber links. They turn electrical signals into optical signals for transmission, and convert received optical signals back into electrical signals.

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams over a single optical fiber. The fundamental principle of WDM is to use different wavelengths of light to carry independent data signals, supporting increased data capacity and effective utilization of the optical spectrum.

WDM is widely used in long-haul and metro optical networks, providing a scalable and cost-effective solution for meeting the rising demand for high-speed and high-capacity data transmission.

Optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs)

Optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) are major components in WDM optical networks, offering the capability to selectively add (inject) or drop (extract) specific wavelengths of light signals at network nodes. OADMs help refine the data flow within the network.

Optical switches and routers

Both optical switches and routers contribute to the development of advanced optical networks with solutions for high-capacity, low-latency, and scalable communication systems that can meet the changing demands of modern data transmission.

• Optical switches selectively route optical signals from one input port to one or more output ports. They are important in establishing communication paths within optical networks. These devices work by controlling the direction of optical signals without converting them into electrical signals.
• Optical routers, on the other hand, direct data packets at the network layer based on their destination addresses. They operate in the optical domain, maintaining the integrity of the optical signals without converting them into electrical form.

Optical cross-connects (OXCs)

Optical cross-connects (OXCs) enable the reconfiguration of optical connections by selectively routing signals from input fibers to desired output fibers. By streamlining wavelength-specific routing and rapid reconfiguration, OXCs contribute to the flexibility and low-latency characteristics of advanced optical communication systems.

How optical networking works

Optical networking functions by harnessing light signals to transmit data through fiber-optic cables, creating a rapid communication framework. The process involves light signal generation, light transmission, data encoding, light propagation, signal reception and integration, and data processing.

1. Light signal generation

The optical networking process begins by converting data into light pulses. This conversion is typically achieved using laser sources to secure the successful representation of information.

2. Light transmission

The system sends light pulses carrying data through a fiber optic cable during this phase. The light travels within the cable’s core, bouncing off the surrounding cladding layer due to total internal reflection. This lets the light travel great distances with minimal loss.

3. Data encoding

Data is then encoded onto the light pulses, introducing variations in either the light’s intensity or wavelength. This process is tailored to meet the needs of business applications, ensuring a seamless integration into the optical networking framework.

4. Light propagation

The light pulses propagate through the fiber-optic cables, delivering high-speed and reliable connectivity within the network. This results in the swift and secure transmission of important information between different locations.

5. Signal reception and integration

At the receiving end of the network, photosensitive devices, like photodiodes, detect the incoming light signals. The photodiodes then convert these light pulses back into electrical signals, improving optical networking integration.

6. Data processing

The electrical signals undergo further processing and interpretation by electronic devices. This stage includes decoding, error correction, and other operations necessary to guarantee the data transmission accuracy. The processed data is used for various operations, supporting key functions, such as communication, collaboration, and data-driven decision-making.

8 types of optical networks

There are many different types of optical networks serving diverse purposes. The most commonly used ones are mesh networks, passive optical network (PON), free-space optical communication networks (FSO), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, synchronous optical networking (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), optical transport network (OTN), fiber to the home (FTTH)/fiber to the premises (FTTP), and optical cross-connect (OXC).

1. Mesh networks

Optical mesh networks interconnect nodes through multiple fiber links. This provides redundancy and allows for dynamic rerouting of traffic in case of link failures, enhancing the network’s reliability.

• Typical use: Often used in large-scale, mission-critical applications where network resilience and redundancy are essential, such as in data centers or core backbone networks.

2. Passive optical network (PON)

PON is a fiber-optic network architecture that brings optical cabling and signals to the end user. It uses unpowered optical splitters to distribute signals to multiple users, making it passive.

• Typical use: “Last-mile” connectivity, providing high-speed broadband access to residential and business users. 

3. Free-space optical communication (FSO)

FSO uses free space to transmit optical signals between two points.

• Typical use: High-speed communication in environments where it is impractical or challenging to lay optical fibers, such as urban areas or military purposes.

4. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)

WDM uses different wavelengths of light for each signal, allowing for increased data capacity. Sub-types of WDM include coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).

• Typical use: CWDM is used for short-distance, metro-area networks, while DWDM is for long-haul and high-capacity communication.

5. Synchronous optical networking (SONET)/synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)

SONET and SDH are standardized protocols for transmitting large amounts of data over long distances using fiber-optic cables. North America more commonly uses SONET, while international industries use SDH.

• Typical use: SONET and SDH are designed for high-speed, long-distance transmission of voice, data, and video. They offer a synchronous and reliable transport infrastructure used in telecommunications backbones and carrier networks.

6. Optical transport network (OTN)

OTN transports digital signals in the optical layer of communication networks. It comes with functions like error detection, performance monitoring, and fault management features.

• Typical use: Used together with WDM to maximize the resilience of long-haul transmissions.

7. Fiber to the home (FTTH)/fiber to the premises (FTTP)

FTTH and FTTP refer to the deployment of optical fiber directly to residential or business premises, providing high-speed internet access.

• Typical use: FTTH and FTTP support bandwidth-intensive applications like video streaming, online gaming, and other broadband services.

8. Optical cross-connect (OXC)

OXC facilitates the switching of optical signals without converting them to electrical signals.

• Typical use: Mostly used in large-scale optical networks by telecommunication carriers to manage traffic.

How optical networking is used today

Various industries and domains today use optical networking for high-speed and efficient data transmission. These include telecommunications, healthcare, financial organizations, data centers, internet service providers (ISPs), enterprise networks, 5G networks, video streaming services, and cloud computing.

Telecommunications

Optical networking is the foundation of phone and internet systems. Today, optical networking remains pivotal in telecommunications, connecting cell sites, ensuring high availability through dynamic traffic rerouting, and enabling high-speed broadband in metropolitan areas and long-distance networks.

Healthcare

For healthcare, optical networking guarantees rapid and secure transmission of medical data, expediting remote diagnostics and telemedicine services.

Financial organizations

Financial organizations use this technology for fast and safe data transmission, which is indispensable for activities like high-frequency trading and connecting branches seamlessly.

Data centers

Optical networking in data centers links servers and storage units, offering a high-bandwidth and low-latency infrastructure for reliable data communication.

Internet service providers (ISPs)

Internet service providers (ISPs) employ optical networking to offer broadband services, using fiber-optic connections for quicker internet access.

Enterprise networks

Large businesses use internal optical networking to connect offices and data centers, maintaining high-speed and scalable communication within their infrastructure.

Mobile networks (5G)

For 5G mobile networks, optical networking allows for increased data rates and low-latency requirements. Fiber-optic connections link 5G cell sites to the core network, bringing bandwidth for diverse applications. 

Video streaming services

Optical networks enable smooth data transmission to deliver high-quality video content via streaming platforms for a more positive viewing experience.

Cloud computing

Cloud service providers rely on optical networking to interconnect data centers to give scalable and high-performance cloud-based services.

History of optical networking

The collaborative efforts of several optical networking companies and distinguished individuals have significantly shaped the optical networking landscape as we know it today.

• 1792: French inventor Claude Chappe invented the optical semaphore telegraph, one of the earliest examples of an optical communication system.

• 1880: Alexander Graham Bell patented the Photophone, an optical telephone system. However, his first invention, the telephone, was deemed to be more practical.

• 1965: The first working fiber-optic data transmission system was demonstrated by German physicist Manfred Börner at Telefunken Research Labs in Ulm.

• 1966: Sir Charles K. Kao and George A. Hockham proposed that fibers made of ultra-pure glass could transmit light for distances of kilometers without a total loss of signal.

• 1977: General Telephone and Electronics tested and deployed the world’s first commercial optical fiber networks for long-distance communication.

• 1988-1992: Emergence of the SONET/SDH standards.

• 1996: The first commercially available 16-channel DWDM system was introduced by Ciena Corporation.

• 1990s: Organizations began to use fiber optics in enterprise local area networks (LANs) to connect Ethernet switches and IP routers.
  • Rapid expansion of optical networks to support the growing demand driven by the internet boom.
  • Organizations began to use optical amplification to decrease the need for repeaters, and more businesses implemented WDM to boost data capacity. This marked the start of optical networking, as WDM became the technology of choice for expanding the bandwidth of fiber-optic systems.

• 2000: Burst of the dot-com bubble leads to a slowdown in the optical networking industry.

• 2009: The term software-defined networking (SDN) was first coined in an MIT review article. 

• 2012: Network function virtualization (NFV) was first proposed at the OpenFlow World Congress by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), a group of service providers that includes AT&T, China Mobile, BT Group, and Deutsche Telekom.

• Present: 5G started becoming available in 2020.
  • Research and development for photonic technologies continues. Photonics solutions have more dependable laser capabilities and can transfer light at historic speeds, letting device manufacturers unlock broader applications and prepare next-generation products.

Trends in optical networking

Trends in optical networking, such as 5G integration, elastic optical networks, optical network security, interconnects in data centers, and green networking highlight the ongoing evolution of the technology to meet the demands of new technologies and applications.

5G integration

Optical networking enables the necessary high-speed, low-latency connections to handle the data demands of 5G applications. 5G integration makes sure that you get fast and reliable connectivity for activities such as streaming, gaming, and emerging technologies like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).

Coherent optics advancements

Ongoing advancements in coherent optics technology contribute to higher data rates, longer transmission distances, and increased capacity over optical networks. This is vital for accommodating the growing volume of data traffic and supporting applications that need high bandwidth.

Edge computing

Integration of optical networking with edge computing reduces latency and elevates the performance of applications and services that call for real-time processing. This is imperative for apps and services needing real-time responsiveness, such as autonomous vehicles, remote medical procedures, and industrial automation.

Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV)

Adopting SDN and NFV in optical networking leads to better flexibility, scalability, and effective resource use. This lets operators dynamically allocate resources, optimize network performance, and respond quickly to changing demands, improving overall network efficiency.

Elastic optical networks

Elastic optical networks allow for dynamic adjustments to the spectrum and capacity of optical channels based on traffic demands. This promotes optimal resource use and minimizes the risk of congestion during peak usage periods.

Optical network security

Focusing on bolstering the security of optical networks, including encryption techniques, is important for protecting sensitive data and communications. As cyberthreats become more sophisticated, safeguarding your networks becomes paramount, especially when transmitting sensitive information.

Optical interconnects in data centers

The growing demand for high-speed optical interconnects in data centers is driven by the requirements of cloud computing, big data processing, and artificial intelligence applications. Optical interconnects have the bandwidth to handle large volumes of data within data center environments.

Green networking

Efforts to make optical networks more energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly align with broader sustainability goals. Green networking practices play a key role in decreasing the environmental impact of telecommunications infrastructure, making it more sustainable in the long run.

Bottom line: Optical networking is here to stay

The progression of optical networking has been instrumental in shaping the history of computer networking. As the need for faster data transmission methods grew with the development of computer networks, optical networking provided a solution. By using light for data transmission, this technology enabled the creation of high-speed networks that we use today.

As it grows, optical networking is doing more than just providing faster internet speeds. Optical network security, for instance, can defend your organization against emerging cyberthreats, while trends like green networking can make your telecommunication infrastructure more sustainable over time.

Read our guide on top optical networking companies and get to know the leading optical networking solutions you can consider for your business.

The post What Is Optical Networking? Complete Explanation appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

As businesses grow, linking branch offices with headquarters in one larger network becomes necessary. However, traditional WAN technology has several limitations, especially regarding reliability and speed. SD-WAN addresses these issues, making it an increasingly popular WAN option.

What problems does SD-WAN solve?

Knowing the challenges SD-WAN solves will help you understand how it can function in your organization. These solutions include improving network connection quality, reducing network downtime, and lowering infrastructure expenditures.

Quality of network connections

A standard WAN connection often sees high latency and packet loss, particularly as you move away from large metro areas with more plentiful bandwidth. Adding backup or secondary WAN links doesn’t help much when latency becomes an issue.

So how do you fix it?

SD-WAN can solve these problems by applying various techniques to relieve congestion on your network without requiring an overhaul of your existing infrastructure. For example, if latency issues affect your users on a particular link, SD-WAN could temporarily shift traffic to another link with less traffic. If one of your links goes down completely, SD-WAN could automatically reroute traffic through another link until repairs are made.

Network downtime

Network downtime is a period when your network system is inaccessible. There is both planned and unplanned network downtime. In this case, we are focused on the unplanned network downtime.

ITIC’s hourly cost of downtime survey revealed that 98% of respondents say a single hour of downtime costs over $100,000, and 81% of organizations indicated that the same period costs their business over $300,000.

SD-WAN prevents interruptions and outages by making application failover seamless and straightforward. SD-WAN offers automated failover capabilities, so traffic will immediately be routed through a secondary link (without human intervention) if your primary connection fails. This automation frees IT staff to focus on other projects rather than being tied up monitoring their networks 24/7.

High network infrastructure costs

Managing multiple hardware-based routers, firewalls, and other networking devices across various locations incurs high costs and requires specialized IT expertise. With SD-WAN, organizations can significantly reduce bandwidth costs, and since SD-WAN is software-based, there’s no need for expensive hardware.

How SD-WAN works

Traditional WAN services use Layer 2 and 3 virtual private networks (VPNs) to direct traffic to an internet gateway. SD-WAN uses centralized control to securely direct WAN traffic to SaaS and IaaS providers.

Unlike traditional routers that simply route packets from one location to another, SD-WAN uses a cloud service with intelligence built into it. The service monitors network conditions across all your branch sites to route traffic through optimal connections. The service will then dynamically route data between available networks.

This means that network failures or congestion can be handled quickly with minimal impact on your organization’s productivity.

SD-WAN intelligently routes network traffic based on policies and conditions defined by administrators. It can determine the best path for specific types of traffic, such as critical business applications or real-time communication, to ensure optimal performance and reliability.

SD-WAN leverages any combination of transport services — including MPLS, LTE, and broadband internet services — to dynamically select the most appropriate link for each application or traffic flow. This ensures efficient use of available bandwidth and improves the overall network performance.

SD-WAN vs. traditional WAN

Traditional WANs are expensive, inflexible, and difficult to manage. They require specialized skill sets for configuration, monitoring, troubleshooting, etc. These challenges are compounded when you have remote sites that need access to your corporate network.

And because traditional WAN solutions lack visibility into application performance, they’re not well suited for applications with strict quality of service (QoS) requirements.

By contrast, SD-WAN provides a more straightforward, cost-effective way to connect branch offices with headquarters. SD-WAN can improve security by offering built-in DDoS protection and end-to-end encryption for secure communications between sites.

Plus, it allows organizations to dynamically steer traffic based on application needs — ensuring that critical business data isn’t impacted by noncritical activity.

SD-WAN architecture

SD-WAN is a software layer that sits between an enterprise’s existing branch routers and its cloud provider, usually functioning as connective tissue between two disparate networks. The technology allows companies to connect multiple branches with various types of links or internet service providers (ISPs), creating a unified network no matter how many locations are involved.

To do so, it must automatically determine where data should be sent for optimal performance. This means that even if a user accesses their company’s VPN from home over their ISP connection, all of their traffic will be routed through whichever link provides optimal speed at any given time.

This makes it possible to create one cohesive virtualized network across all sites rather than managing each location separately.

5 features of SD-WAN

SD-WAN provides increased flexibility by letting you optimize various features and traffic flows, with or without IT intervention. At their core, SD-WAN solutions are built to work on your existing infrastructure while allowing you to scale as needed.

Support for multi-protocol label switching

Also known as MPLS, multi-protocol label switching provides greater control over a business’s WAN because it lets you change from one protocol to another based on what works best at any given time. For example, MPLS gives companies more freedom when setting up their WANs because they can easily adjust how they move data from one location to another, depending on current needs.

Self-optimization

Because SD-WAN lets you take advantage of real-time monitoring and analytics, there’s no need to hire additional staff members to keep an eye on things. That means that even if you don’t have dedicated IT support, there will still be people around who know how to use your network efficiently — because SD-WAN does all that heavy lifting for them.

Real-time traffic shaping

SD-WAN provides real-time traffic-shaping capabilities, allowing businesses to prioritize different kinds of data. In addition to prioritizing certain types of data, companies can block unwanted content, such as malware and phishing attacks, before reaching end users.

Visibility into applications

With complete visibility into applications within your organization, you’ll be able to see precisely where bottlenecks exist so that you can solve them quickly and easily without sacrificing performance. This insight benefits companies that rely heavily on bandwidth-heavy applications like videoconferencing, VoIP calls, and other cloud services.

Cloud connectivity

Businesses can save money and increase efficiency by connecting to several cloud platforms. If a company relies heavily on public clouds for backup purposes, having access to several providers makes it easier to ensure backups run smoothly.

Top 3 benefits of SD-WAN

SD-WAN helps businesses connect their locations remotely with more bandwidth, lower latency, and greater security than traditional networks that rely on hardware for processing power. Below are some additional benefits of SD-WAN.

Reduced OpEx

Moving to SD-WAN can significantly reduce your annual operating expenditure (OpEx) because you don’t need to invest in expensive hardware anymore — not to mention data center space, equipment maintenance, etc. Your software only requires a license fee and support, which is much cheaper than buying new networking equipment every few years.

Improved network performance

When using internet mode, if one link fails, all traffic goes down until another path is found. On the other hand, MPLS provides multi-path routing that enables automatic failover in case one link fails. So even if one link goes down due to failure, other links will still work, thus ensuring continuous connectivity.

Better reliability

SD-WAN can detect and respond to network problems faster and more efficiently than a human operator. It does so by continuously monitoring network health, performance, and availability.

SD-WAN detects any disruption in the network, and it responds accordingly. For example, if one link goes down due to failure, SD-WAN immediately reroutes traffic through other available paths without manual intervention. This ensures your data always reaches its destination without any loss or delay.

SD-WAN use cases

An SD-WAN service helps enterprises maximize productivity by creating resilient WAN networks that enhance application performance in uncertain or unreliable circumstances. This is achieved through intelligent path selection based on dynamic criteria such as cost, latency, bandwidth, jitter, and packet loss. This results in a highly reliable network with minimal downtime for critical applications.

With that in mind, common SD-WAN use cases could include:

• Application performance optimization: An SD-WAN solution can help you optimize your application performance across your entire network so that no matter where your employees are located, they have fast access to all company resources.
• Visibility into network operations and traffic: SD-WAN provides administrators with a bird’s-eye view of the network so they can quickly pinpoint issues in the network and take immediate steps toward resolution.
• Centralized management and control: SD-WAN solutions typically offer centralized management and control, providing a unified view of the entire network, including both branch offices and cloud resources.
• Multi-cloud access: Connect branches and a hybrid workforce to multi-cloud applications easily with unified visibility and management.
• Improved WAN resiliency, availability, and capacity: This is achieved through intelligent path selection based on dynamic criteria such as cost, latency, bandwidth, jitter, and packet loss.

Is SD-WAN secure?

The short answer is, “yes, but.”

While SD-WAN offers many productivity-related benefits, including optimized performance, network reliability, flexibility, and cost reduction, if not implemented properly it may actually expose you to greater security risks.

When using SD-WAN, traffic flows directly from branch locations to the public internet, which means the traffic bypasses traditional security measures. This could leave the network vulnerable to external threats.

Nonetheless, SD-WAN can be secure, but the level of security depends on various factors, including the specific implementation, configuration, and security measures put in place. Many organizations even consider SD-WAN to enhance their network security as it provides several security features and benefits such as encryption, firewalls, segmentation, and centralized security management.

SD-WAN deployment types

Enterprises can choose to deploy SD-WAN using one of three available models: managed, DIY, or hybrid.

Managed

In this model, companies outsource all their SD-WAN needs to a managed service provider (MSP). The service provider is responsible for configuring, monitoring, and maintaining the SD-WAN network on behalf of the enterprise.

This model offers convenience and reduces the burden on IT staff, allowing them to focus on other priorities. However, it may limit the level of control and customization available to the enterprise.

Do-it-yourself (DIY)

The DIY model gives enterprises complete ownership of deploying and managing their SD-WAN solution.

An organization acquires the necessary SD-WAN resources directly from a vendor and maintains the network in-house. The in-house IT team is responsible for maintaining the company’s own SD-WAN equipment, connections and software.

A DIY approach provides the highest level of control and customization but requires significant expertise and resources from the enterprise. Large enterprises looking for full network controls may find this deployment model appealing, but it may be out of reach for most small businesses.

Hybrid

The hybrid deployment model combines elements of both DIY and managed approaches. The enterprise retains some control over some aspects of the SD-WAN implementation while leveraging the expertise and support of an MSP. The service provider may handle certain parts of the deployment and management while the enterprise controls specific functions or policies.

Top 3 SD-WAN vendors

Though the SD-WAN providers offer extensive functionalities and security capabilities, they may not be the best for every business. If the three providers below do not meet your needs, we reviewed the best SD-WAN vendors to help you determine the best solution for your company.

Cisco

Cisco offers a cloud-based SD-WAN overlay fabric that allows enterprises to connect data centers, branches, campuses, and colocation facilities to improve network performance. Managed through the Cisco vManage console, the solution separates data and control planes to provide centralized management and control.

Cisco SD-WAN key features include:

• Advanced multi-cloud and SaaS, analytics, and visibility.
• Web content filtering.
• Advanced SD-WAN Layer 2 and Layer 3 routing — general.
• SD-WAN Layer 2 and Layer 3 Multicast routing — IPv4.

Aryaka

Aryaka is a managed SD-WAN service provider. Their SD-WAN service is built on a high-performance global FlexCore network, giving organizations a robust and flexible Network-as-a-Service to connect sites, users, and cloud workloads, regardless of location.

Aryaka SD-WAN key capabilities include:

• Availability with up to 99.999% uptime.
• White-glove and co-management options.
• MPLS interworking and hybrid WAN.

Juniper Networks

Juniper Networks SD-WAN leverages AI and the Juniper Mist Cloud Architecture to provide an intelligent and automated SD-WAN solution. Their solution integrates with Juniper’s Mist AI-driven networking platform to provide end-to-end visibility and control. Juniper’s SD-WAN solution offers key features such as zero-touch provisioning (ZTP), centralized management, and advanced analytics for monitoring and troubleshooting.

Juniper Networks key features include:

• Fast deployment with automated templating tools and ZTP.
• Branch-office communications with cloud-managed routing, switching, Wi-Fi, and security. 
• Delivers AI-based insights and automates troubleshooting.

Bottom line: SD-WAN improves network performance with proper planning

SD-WAN is beneficial to organizations looking to improve their network performance and reduce costs. Businesses that are considering implementing this technology should carefully evaluate their specific needs and consider SD-WAN challenges.

Like any technology, while SD-WAN can provide organizational advantages such as increased bandwidth, improved network security, and centralized management, it also requires proper planning, deployment, and monitoring to succeed.

If you’re considering implementing SD-WAN, make sure you check out our complete guide to the best SD-WAN providers — and how to choose between them.

The post What Is SD-WAN? Definition, Benefits, and Uses appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

LANs can vary significantly in size, ranging from small networks connecting only a few devices to large networks linking hundreds or even thousands of devices. One of the advantages of LANs is that the size of a LAN does not affect its fundamental functionality, as all LANs provide the capability for resource sharing and interpersonal communication.

Today, LANs play a crucial role in streamlining connectivity, information exchange, and resource accessibility. Here’s how they work, their benefits and challenges, how they compare to other network types, and other FAQs.

How do LANs work?

LANs function through central points called routers to connect to the Internet. Home LANs generally use a single router, while larger LANs may employ network switches for smooth packet delivery.

Aside from establishing connections between LANs and allowing devices on different networks to communicate seamlessly, routers also strengthen network security by filtering and blocking unwanted network traffic.

LANs typically utilize Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or a combination of both to connect devices within the network. Ethernet uses physical cables for connections, while Wi-Fi operates through radio waves. The latter has gained popularity in residential and corporate settings due to its convenience.

Various devices, including servers, desktops, laptops, printers, internet of things (IoT) devices, and game consoles, can establish connections to LANs. These connections permit shared access to resources like printers or servers, a feature particularly useful in office environments.

2 types of LANs

There are two main types of LANs: client-server LANs and peer-to-peer LANs.

Client/server LANs

Client/server LANs link multiple devices, known as clients, to a central server. This server manages file storage, application access, device access, and network traffic.

In this configuration, the server governs the network traffic and resources. It provides shared access to files, printers, and the internet. A variety of network-enabled devices, such as desktop PCs, tablets, and smartphones, can serve as clients in this network.

Client/server LANs give significant network control, making them particularly suitable for larger networks. However, establishing and maintaining these LANs can pose more challenges. The server is a key dependency — its failure could trigger a network-wide failure.

When to use client/server LANs

Client/server LANs are ideal for business environments, large organizations, database management, security and access control, and centralized backup.

• Business environments: Client/server LANs are commonly used in business, corporate, and enterprise settings where data security, centralized management, and scalability are essential.
• Large organizations: They can be valuable to organizations with a substantial number of users and data that need effective management, as they offer an organized and safe way to store, share, and manage resources.
• Database management: A client/server architecture is the preferred choice for handling large databases that need high performance and concurrent access.
• Security and access control: This architecture promotes systematized security management for organizations where tight security controls and user access permissions are important, like financial institutions or government agencies.
• Centralized backup: Organizations that need to maintain consolidated backups of confidential data, such as healthcare and financial institutions, can benefit from the unified control offered by this architecture.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) LANs

Peer-to-peer (P2P) LANs don’t have a central server and cannot handle heavy workloads like a client/server LAN can, and so they’re typically smaller. For this LAN type, each device shares resources and data equally through wired or wireless connections to a switch or router.

Every device in P2P LANs can act as both a client and a server, making it simpler to set up for small-scale networks, like home environments or small offices. This simplicity also means this architecture does not require any special network software. In addition, P2P LANs are more reliable in the sense that they do not rely on a central server — if one computer fails, it does not cause a failure of the entire network.

The drawback of P2P LANs is that they lack centralized control and advanced security features compared to client/server architectures.

When to use P2P LANs

P2P LANs are frequently used where minimal infrastructure is acceptable, e.g., home networks, small offices, temporary or ad-hoc networks, learning environments, and file sharing:

• Home networks: Used in homes where a few devices need to share printers and files or other resources, and complex network management is not necessary.
• Small offices: Small businesses with limited networking needs and a handful of devices can benefit from the ease of setup and cost-effectiveness of a P2P LAN.
• Temporary or ad-hoc networks: In situations requiring a quick network setup for a short duration, like a meeting or event.
• Learning environments: P2P LANs are fitting for educational settings where students need to collaborate and share resources without the complexity of a larger network.
• File sharing: For peer-to-peer file sharing among friends or colleagues in informal settings.

8 benefits of a LAN

LAN brings several benefits to your business, including resource sharing; remote collaboration; cost-efficiency; high-speed data transfer; better security, flexibility, and scalability; centralized control; and backup and disaster recovery.

1. Simplified management: Since LANs facilitate resource sharing among multiple devices, it reduces the need for duplicate hardware. As a result, organizations can increase efficacy and simplify management.
2. Remote collaboration: With internet access, LAN users can collaborate remotely, shop online, consume media from the cloud, and exchange data from wearable devices. This opens up a wide range of possibilities for work and leisure activities.
3. Cost-efficiency: By sharing resources and centralizing data management on a LAN, considerable cost savings are achievable through reduced redundancy in hardware and optimized IT expenses. Furthermore, LANs utilize cost-effective transmission media, such as Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi signals, making setting up and maintaining them relatively affordable.
4. High-speed data transfer: LANs offer fast data transfer speeds, enabling quick access to shared resources and effortless communication between devices. They can often transmit data anywhere from 100 Mbps to 10 Gbps.
5. Better security: LANs usually have specialized measures to secure networks against unauthorized data access. These can include firewalls, encryption, and user authentication systems. Moreover, you may configure LANs by adding security features like access controls to ensure controlled and safe access to data and resources. 
6. Flexibility and scalability: Adaptability to the changing needs of an organization is another remarkable benefit of LANs. You can add more devices and resources as the network expands without causing significant disruption. 
7. Centralized control: Because servers centrally store and manage everything in LANs, network administrators can exercise centralized control over user accounts, permissions, and software installations. This also bolsters network security and improves management.
8. Backup and disaster recovery: LANs allow the creation and storage of regular backups remotely, safeguarding data against loss or corruption. In case of an IT disaster, a well-planned recovery process can restore the environment with minimal data loss and downtime, ensuring business continuity.

7 challenges of using LAN

Using LAN comes with several challenges, including security concerns, network traffic management, scalability, costs, interoperability, mobility and remote access, and technical complexity.

1. Security concerns: LANs require robust security measures to fend off unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyberthreats. Implementing access controls, encryption, firewalls, and regular security updates is critical to guaranteeing data confidentiality and integrity.
2. Network traffic management: Effective traffic management assists in preventing network congestion and bottlenecks, especially as the number of connected devices and services grows. Network monitoring, quality of service (QoS) configurations, and load balancing are key tools for maintaining optimal network performance.
3. Scalability: As your organization expands, accommodating more devices and users while maintaining performance can be challenging. Even in a naturally scalable model such as a client/server LAN, achieving scalability involves careful network design, hardware upgrades, and effective management to support the increased load.
4. Costs: Managing LAN-related costs calls for budgeting for network infrastructure, maintenance, security measures, and upgrades. Prudent financial planning is needed to keep the LAN running effectively within budget constraints.
5. Interoperability: Ensuring the smooth operation of diverse devices, operating systems, and networks is a serious challenge of using LAN. Standardization, compatibility testing, and effective integration are necessary to prevent compatibility issues.
6. Mobility and remote access: With the rising demand for remote work and mobile device usage, safeguarding access to LAN resources for remote employees is of utmost importance. Deploying robust authentication, VPNs, and mobile device management (MDM) solutions helps address this challenge.
7. Technical complexity: The installation, management, operation, and security of a LAN are complex processes that need specialized technical knowledge. Having a team with strong technical skills is a must to successfully navigate these complexities. Otherwise, organizations may face difficulties in maximizing the benefits of their LAN or troubleshooting issues that arise.

Example use cases of LANs

The following are examples of use cases illustrating what a local area network is and showcasing their importance in various settings, from offices and homes to schools and healthcare facilities.

Business offices

In a corporate office, LANs connect employee workstations, printers, and servers. This allows employees to collaborate on documents, access centralized databases for customer information, and print documents to a shared printer. LANs streamline workplace productivity and information flow.

Homes

In a typical home, a LAN connects family members’ computers, smartphones, smart TVs, and gaming consoles. This lets them stream movies, share photos and files, and access the internet via a single connection. Home LANs make it convenient for everyone to connect and share resources.

Schools and educational institutions

In a school setting, LANs connect computer labs and classrooms. Teachers use LANs to access digital teaching resources and share lesson materials with students. Students can also collaborate on group projects using LAN-connected devices, promoting interactive and engaged learning.

Small businesses

A small retail store can utilize a LAN for its point-of-sale (POS) systems. The central server connects to the cash registers, records sales transactions, manages inventory in real-time, and securely stores customer data. By optimizing operations and refining customer service, LANs boost the efficiency of small businesses.

Large enterprises

In multinational corporations, LANs link numerous devices dispersed across diverse global offices. Through LANs, employees tap into centralized databases for cooperative projects, share confidential company data securely, and interact effortlessly via email and messaging systems. By supporting effective data exchange and teamwork, enterprise LANs greatly elevate organizational performance.

Hospitals and healthcare facilities

In a hospital, LANs connect medical devices like patient monitors and electronic health record (EHR) systems. Doctors and nurses safely access confidential patient data, and medical devices transmit real-time patient information to EHRs for immediate monitoring and decision-making. Healthcare LANs improve patient care and simplify medical data management.

LAN vs. WAN vs. MAN

The comparison chart below shows an overview of the key differences between LAN, wide area network (WAN), and metropolitan area network (MAN). It gives a glimpse of the geographic scope, technologies used, ownership, coverage, and examples for each.

How secure are LANs?

The security of LANs is a complex issue that hinges on several factors, namely access control, firewalls, encryption, antivirus, regular updates, intrusion detection systems, physical security, and user education.

LAN security is an ongoing process that demands different technical measures, vigilant management, and user awareness to effectively shield against potential threats. LANs face several security risks, including unauthorized access, malware, data theft, phishing, physical security breaches, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

At the heart of LAN security are access control measures, which ensure that only authorized users can enter the network, mostly through robust password policies and specific access permissions. Packet-filtering firewalls also play an indispensable role by controlling network traffic and protecting against cyberattacks.

Furthermore, using encryption techniques safeguards data transmission and maintains confidentiality. Antivirus software and regular updates are also imperative in defending against malware while intrusion detection systems keep an eye on and respond to any suspicious activities. Additionally, implementing physical security measures, like restricting access to network equipment, holds significant importance.

Finally, an intrinsic part of LAN security is educating users to follow security best practices.

Bottom line: LAN remains a critical component of corporate networking

LAN has developed dramatically since its beginnings thanks to improvements in security and manageability, and of course the advent of wireless connectivity. Throughout these changes, it has remained a critical aspect of many organizations’ network infrastructure.

While a client-server model is typically the trusted approach for larger enterprises, homes and small offices may benefit more from a P2P approach. On the other hand, if your network has to cover a large campus or across borders, you may want to consider a MAN or WAN, respectively, instead — or a combination. Whatever you choose to go with, make sure you plan your implementation accordingly — including long-term monitoring, management, and security.

If you’re ready to take the next step in setting up a LAN at your organization, we analyzed the top enterprise LAN providers to help you choose the best option for you.

The post What Is a Local Area Network (LAN)? Definition, Benefits & Types appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

SSH was originally developed in 1995 to replace protocols like Rlogin and Telnet, which came with several security flaws. SSH1 provided users with an encrypted login path to remote systems. It included features like symmetric encryption and enabled port forwarding.

Still, it had numerous security flaws that made it susceptible to cyberattacks. This led to the development of SSH2. The SSH2 protocol, released in 2006 and still in use today, includes additional security measures such as the Diffie–Hellman key exchange and message authentication codes (MACs).

With SSH, users can safely transfer files, manage network infrastructures, remotely access apps and devices, and execute commands. Thanks to its ability to authenticate and encrypt sessions, SSH provides robust protection against cyberattacks and information theft.

How does secure shell protocol work?

The SSH protocol operates on the client/server architecture model within a network. Communication takes place through shells such as Linux terminal shells. Clients use a form of the following command to connect to remote servers:

ssh UserName@SSHserver.example.com

To authenticate and approve the process, SSH uses the Diffie–Hellman key exchange mechanism of public and private keys to access data securely. When a client attempts to connect to a server for the first time, the server will ask the client to prove its identity. The client, in turn, must provide valid credentials to establish its identity. If the client provides incorrect credentials, the authentication is rejected.

The server encrypts a challenge message using the public key and waits for the client to respond. If the client can decrypt the challenge message with the correct private key, it is verified as genuine, and communication between the two is allowed.

It is important to note that the private key is only accessible to the user and should always be kept safe. Exposing the private key can let unauthorized persons access mission-critical systems. Conversely, the public key is used by both the client and the remote server, making it an essential element in the communication process between the two.

SSH tunneling

Let’s say a server wants to access data on your local port that is inaccessible. How do you bypass firewalls and ensure the data is not stolen in transit when it passes through the public internet?

Network tunneling is the process of allowing bi-directional connections between a local port (i.e., the destination port on your own computer) and a remote port via a secure tunnel. SSH tunnels use hashing algorithms and symmetric encryption to encrypt data, thus providing security during data transmission.

To put it simply, SSH tunneling allows you to set up a new connection from your local computer to the remote server through an already-established SSH connection between the client and server. SSH tunneling is preferred by enterprises for its ease of use and its ability to bypass firewalls.

What are the main uses of SSH?

SSH connections are mostly used to:

• Provide a secure way to transfer resources over insecure pathways.
• Ensure secure access to business data and processes.
• Issue remote commands.
• Forward ports.
• Run X11 forwarding.
• Manage operating systems and routers.
• Transfer files between computers.

How secure is SSH?

SSH is generally considered to be one of the most secure encryption methods available today and is currently used on almost half of the world’s servers and nearly every Linux computer.

SSH keys encrypt traffic between the client and server, preventing malicious actors from eavesdropping and decrypting it. However, the proliferation of SSH keys in organizations exposes them to cybercriminals who can take advantage of these unattended and often forgotten SSH keys to gain privileged access to networks. This can result in significant damage to the organization and its stakeholders.

SSH can also be vulnerable to attacks such as brute force attempts to guess passwords or usernames. A significant threat to SSH is hackers exploiting SSH keys to gain root access to the server and install malicious malware. Although unconfirmed, it has been suggested that Edward Snowden successfully exploited SSH keys to breach the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013.

Implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA), using firewalls, changing default options, deleting untracked/orphan keys, and frequently rotating keys are some ways to secure SSH.

What port is used for secure shell connections?

Port 22 is the default port used for SSH protocol. When an SSH client wishes to connect to an SSH server, it sends a request for communication to the server on port 22. After the connection is made, the server and client exchange cryptographic keys, which are used to create a secure and encrypted communication channel between the two.

Although port 22 is the default port, it is possible for SSH to run on different ports. To change the SSH port number, locate the SSH server configuration file and modify the port number to one of your choice.

How SSH compares to other protocols

SSH vs. Telnet

Telnet is a network protocol that was developed in 1969 and allows users to access remote servers. Over time, SSH has largely replaced Telnet due to its drastically superior security.

• One of the primary differences between Telnet and SSH is that Telnet sends data in plain text form while SSH encrypts the data, making it highly secure.
• SSH uses port 22 by default, but you can change the port number. Telnet uses port 23 and is designed to work with LAN.
• SSH uses public key encryption for authentication purposes. Telnet does not provide any authentication privileges to users.
• SSH is preferred for public networks. In contrast, because of security concerns, Telnet is more suitable for private networks.

SSH vs. SSL and TLS

Similar to SSH, Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) are two cryptographic protocols that provide security for data transmitted over the internet. Like SSH, both protocols encrypt data and authenticate the connection. However, SSL has a significant number of security vulnerabilities and has been deprecated. TLS is now widely used as a replacement for SSL due to its improved security features.

While SSH and TLS share some common features, they differ in the following aspects:

Common SSH commands

The ssh command is used to securely log into remote systems. The most basic SSH command is ssh user@host, where “user” is the username/client, and “host” is the address or server of the remote machine.

Some common SSH commands include:

cd command

The cd (change directory) command is used to navigate between directories.

cd [name of the directory]

In case the directory structure is nested, then to reach a particular directory one needs to give the full path of the directory. For example:

cd HomeDirectory/Level1Directory/Level2Directory

The above command then takes you to Level2Directory.

mkdir command

The mkdir (make directory) command is used to create a directory. The syntax for an mkdir command is:

mkdir [folder name]

touch command

The touch command is used for creating a new file. The syntax for the touch command is:

touch [file name]

rm command

The rm (remove) command is used for deleting or removing a file. The syntax for the remove command is:

rm [file name]

cp command

The cp command (copy command) is used for copying a file. The syntax for the copy command is:

cp [source file name] [destination file name]

Bottom line: SSH encryption secures communication over enterprise networks

SSH has successfully replaced older network protocols like rsh, Telnet, and FTP that transferred information in plain text. By using SSH, you can be assured that every single communication between your device and server is secure and encrypted. Therefore, leveraging SSH protocol is an effective approach to protecting network health, particularly in light of continuous cybersecurity threats.

We carefully analyzed and selected the top encryption software to enhance the security of your data in transit and protect your critical communications.

The post Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol: Encryption Over Insecure Networks appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

Local Area Network (LAN): A LAN is a network of devices interconnected by a common communications line. These devices are located in close proximity to each other and are usually housed in the same building or office complex. The LAN allows devices to share resources like files, printers, or apps while also facilitating communication between them. Unlike a WAN, it is easy to set up a LAN.

Wide Area Network (WAN): A WAN is a telecommunications network that connects devices spanning multiple locations spread across the globe. For instance, businesses with locations in diverse places use WANs to connect to their branch offices, enabling their employees to access resources from any location. WANs use satellite links, leased lines, multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), and other communication technologies for secure data transfer between devices.

LAN vs. WAN comparison chart

Here is a quick side-by-side comparison of LAN and WAN to better display their basic differences:

How do LANs and WANs work?

LANs and WANs function very differently from one another, using different protocols and management models to achieve essentially the same function: sending and receiving data packets between users on different devices.

How local area networks work

A LAN provides shared access to computing devices located near each other. Data on a LAN is commonly transmitted through peer-to-peer communication (directly between devices) or client-server communication (devices connecting to a central server). LANs use network protocols like Ethernet to transmit data between devices.

The following three topologies are used for transmitting data in LANs:

• Bus topology: In bus topology, devices are connected to a single cable. Data is transmitted along the cable, and if the destination address matches the enclosed address, the data is allowed to pass through.
• Star topology: The star topology is a networking setup where multiple workstations are connected to a central hub, forming a star-shaped network. If a particular device on the network wants to communicate with another workstation, it must first send the data through the central hub. This topology is the most commonly used setup in local area networks.
• Ring topology: In a ring topology, devices are connected in a circular manner, and data passes around the ring until it reaches its destination. There is no central console.

When a device on the LAN sends information to another device, it first breaks down the data into packets. These packets contain source and destination addresses. The source device sends the packet, and with the help of switches and routers, the packet is forwarded to the destination device.

How wide area networks work

Due to their geographical size, WANs are usually owned and managed by a service provider such as MPLS, satellite services, Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS), or cable companies that help in long-distance communication and data transmission.

The infrastructure components used in a WAN include switches; routers; transmission lines like fiber optic cables, satellite links, and wireless connections; and a range of other networking equipment.

WANs transmit data either through point-to-point (P2P) connections or shared circuits using packet-switching. In P2P connections, packets sent from one point are delivered to the other using Layer 2 of the OSI model. P2P connections are also known as circuit-switched networks, private lines, or leased lines.

A more modern approach is packet switching technology, where data does not rely on any physical connection between nodes but is broken down into small manageable packets. Each packet is assigned a source address and a destination address. Then depending on the traffic, the data is allowed to take any path to reach the destination, as opposed to being limited to a predetermined route.

Main differences between LANs and WANs

Despite the similarity of their names, LANs and WANs differ on most points, including size, connections, cost, security, and speed.

• Size: The primary difference between LANs and WANs is that LANs serve a small geographic area confined to a physical space, while WANs cover diverse geographical areas sometimes spanning across countries.
• Single point of failure: In LANs, it is common to have a single point of failure, and in case it goes down, there is a high probability that the entire network will be affected. WANs have no single point (other than the service provider itself), and seldom if ever go down entirely.
• Connections: LANs use local connections like Ethernet cables while WANs use MPLS, leased lines, and VPLS.
• Cost-effectiveness: LANs are significantly cheaper than WANs to set up and operate. Hence, they are more cost-effective — at least until you need to scale beyond their capacity.
• Security: LANs are more secure than WANs as they are restricted to a known area that firewalls and other security devices can protect.
• Speed: LANs are faster as they cover a short distance and experience less congestion. In contrast, WANs can sometimes get congested due to traffic surges.

Main similarities between LANs and WANs

LANs and WANs do have some things in common, namely their basic components and purpose.

• Collaboration: Both LAN and WAN allow for the sharing of resources among users.
• Components: Both use networking components like routers, switches, and cables to transmit data.
• Communications: Both use standard communication protocols to send information from one device to another.
• Packets: In both, data is broken down into packets containing source and destination addresses.
• Data protection: Both employ security measures to protect data at rest and transit.
• Addressing: Both assign addresses to identify devices on the network.

When to use LANs vs. WANs

Unsurprisingly for such different technologies, LANs and WANs have very different use cases.

LAN use cases

LANs are an excellent tool for creating secure connections between devices located close to each other. Here are some use cases where LANs prove to be incredibly useful:

• Families: Families can link multiple devices at home to a single internet connection. They can also share printers over the LAN, improving costs.
• Offices: Implementing LANs in an office environment allows colleagues to collaborate on projects in real time and access shared resources like printers, files, internet connections, drives, and other resources.
• Businesses: Brick-and-mortar businesses can store and backup data centrally on the LAN. This data is updated regularly and can be accessed by authorized users.  
• Manufacturing: Through the use of LANs, industrial machines can be connected to control systems, which help to enable remote monitoring of manufacturing processes.
• Collaboration and esports: One of the benefits of LANs is that they enable software sharing among users connected to the same network.

WAN use cases

WANs are the go-to option anytime an organization needs to extend connectivity outside of a limited area. Here are some examples where you might need a WAN connection:

• International, hybrid, or remote workforces: WAN can help businesses communicate with geographically dispersed offices and allow team members to access shared corporate assets.
• Cloud: WANs enable companies to connect to cloud apps and infrastructure.
• External resources: WAN administrators can grant permission for third parties to access internal resources of a business.
• Warehouses: Logistics companies can use WANs to monitor processes and track inventory.
• Universities: Educational institutions use WANs to support online learning activities.
• Ecommerce: Retailers use WANs to process transactions and manage workloads.

Bottom line: Do you need a LAN or WAN for your network?

Organizations need to choose the right enterprise network solution when it comes to sharing information across different devices or locations. Examining your business needs will help you make the right decision when selecting a LAN versus a WAN.

If you’re a small office and your business requirements are restricted to a particular workplace, you should choose a LAN. In contrast, a WAN is the ideal network for you if you are a large corporate organization with offices located in different cities or even countries.

If you have small, local network needs, here are the top enterprise LAN providers to get you set up. For bigger, more dispersed needs, here are the best SD-WAN providers to manage your network.

The post LAN vs. WAN: How These Network Types Are Different appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

There are good reasons for this impressive forecast.

The transformative potential of 5G runs the gamut from lighting fast downloads to enabling a new generation of technologies and capabilities such as IoT, autonomous vehicles, remote medicine, and smart cities.

In particular, 5G business internet is set to revolutionize the way companies operate, offering unprecedented speed and reliability that can facilitate seamless remote work, real-time data analysis, and advanced automation.

This technology is not just about faster internet; it is about enabling a new era of connectivity that can drive innovation, efficiency, and growth in businesses across all sectors.

Here are our top picks for 5G business internet providers of 2023:

• Verizon: Best for its 5G Ultra Wideband network. (Read more)
• T-Mobile: Best for nationwide 5G coverage in the United States. (Read more)
• AT&T Business: Best for symmetrical speeds. (Read more)
• Ericsson: Best for energy efficiency and IoT applications. (Read more)
• Nokia: Best for massive machine type communication. (Read more)

Top 5G business internet providers comparison

The following comparison table provides a snapshot of key features across the five leading 5G business internet providers: AT&T, Ericsson, Nokia, T-Mobile, and Verizon.

Jump to:

• Key features of 5G business internet
• How do I choose the best 5G business internet for my business?
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
• Methodology

Verizon

Best for comprehensive 5G business solutions

Verizon, a leading telecommunications company, offers comprehensive 5G business solutions that are designed to cater to a wide range of business needs. Verizon’s 5G business internet service is built on their 5G Ultra Wideband network, offering high speed, low latency, and massive capacity. This makes it a top choice for businesses that require reliable and fast connectivity for their operations.

Pricing

• Verizon offers a range of pricing options depending on the speed requirements of the business (rather than data limits).
  • The 100 Mbps plan starts at $69 per month.
  • The 200 Mbps plan is priced at $99 per month.
  • The 400 Mbps plan, designed for businesses with high data demands, is priced at $199 per month.

Features

• High-speed connectivity: Verizon’s 5G business internet service offers high-speed connectivity, with plans offering up to 400 Mbps.
• 10-year price guarantee: Verizon offers a 10-year price guarantee with no long-term service contracts, providing businesses with predictable costs over the long term.
• 30-day satisfaction guarantee: If businesses are not satisfied with the service, they can cancel within 30 days and receive a refund of the internet service charge.

Pros

• Verizon’s 5G business internet service offers high-speed connectivity, making it suitable for businesses with high data demands.
• A 10-year price guarantee provides businesses with cost predictability over the long term.
• A 30-day satisfaction guarantee offers businesses the flexibility to try the service risk-free.

Cons

• The pricing, while competitive, may be high for small businesses or startups with limited budgets.

T-Mobile

Best for small businesses

T-Mobile, an American wireless network operator, offers 5G business internet services that are designed to be both affordable and user-friendly. T-Mobile’s 5G business internet service is aimed at small businesses, offering unlimited data backed by their extensive 5G network.

Pricing

• T-Mobile’s 5G business internet service is priced at $50 per month with AutoPay, offering an extremely competitive pricing model for small businesses.
• Larger businesses with more complex network needs will need to reach out to T-Mobile’s sales team for pricing information.

Features

• Unlimited data: T-Mobile’s 5G business internet service offers unlimited data, which could be a significant advantage for businesses with high data usage.
• Easy setup: The service is designed to be user-friendly, with a setup process that takes just 15 minutes.
• No annual contracts: T-Mobile offers flexibility with no long-term commitments, which could be beneficial for businesses with changing needs.

Pros

• T-Mobile offers affordable 5G business internet services with a simple, straightforward pricing model.
• The company’s 5G business internet service includes unlimited data.
• T-Mobile’s service is designed to be user-friendly, with a quick and easy setup process.

Cons

• T-Mobile’s 5G business internet service is primarily aimed at small businesses, which could limit its suitability for larger businesses or those with more complex requirements.
• During congestion, T-Mobile’s Small Business Internet customers may notice speeds lower than other customers due to data prioritization.

AT&T Business

Best for symmetrical speeds

AT&T Business is a notable player in the 5G business internet landscape, particularly recognized for its symmetrical speeds. This means businesses can expect similar upload and download speeds, a feature that can be crucial for operations that involve large data transfers, such as cloud computing and video conferencing.

AT&T Business also offers a mobility feature, which can be beneficial for businesses with remote or mobile workforces. In addition, they provide a wireless broadband backup option, which can be a valuable safety net in case of power outages or primary service disruptions.

Pricing

• AT&T Business offers a range of plans, with pricing varying based on the specific needs and requirements of the business.
• For detailed pricing information, potential customers are directed to the AT&T Business website.

Features

• Symmetrical upload and download speeds: This ensures that businesses can upload and download data at equally fast rates, which is particularly beneficial for operations that involve large data transfers such as VoIP or streaming.
• Mobility feature: Mobility supports businesses with remote or mobile workforces, allowing them to stay connected regardless of their location.
• Wireless broadband backup: This serves as a safety net during power outages or primary service disruptions, ensuring that businesses can maintain their operations even under unforeseen circumstances.
• Static IP: With this feature, businesses can host servers for email, FTP, VPN, and websites, and enable remote access.
• 24/7 dedicated business customer service: This ensures that businesses can get the support they need whenever they need it.

Pros

• Symmetrical upload and download speeds.
• Mobility feature that supports businesses with remote or mobile workforces.
• Wireless broadband backup option.
• Static IP, enabling businesses to host servers for various purposes and to enable remote access.
• Offers 24/7 dedicated business customer service.

Cons

• Pricing and plan details are not readily available and require further inquiry.
• Coverage and service quality may vary by location.

Ericsson

Best for energy efficiency

Ericsson, a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company, has been heavily involved in the development of 5G standards and technology. 

The company’s 5G solutions aim to address a wide array of business needs, from high-speed data transfer to massive device connectivity. 

Pricing

• Ericsson’s 5G solutions come in various forms, and pricing is likely to depend on the specific needs of the business.
• Detailed pricing information isn’t readily available on the Ericsson website, which could be a hurdle for potential customers trying to make quick comparisons or decisions.

Features

• High data rates: Ericsson’s 5G technology claims to offer high-speed data transfer.
• Reduced latency: The company states that its 5G technology has lower latency, which could be beneficial for businesses requiring real-time data analysis.
• Energy efficiency: Ericsson’s 5G technology is designed to be energy-efficient, which could be a selling point for environmentally conscious businesses or those trying to cut overhead.
• Massive device connectivity: Its 5G technology supports the simultaneous connection of a large number of devices, a feature that could be useful for businesses relying on IoT.

Pros

• Ericsson has a broad portfolio of 5G products and solutions.
• The company’s 5G technology claims to offer high data rates and reduced latency.
• Ericsson’s 5G solutions are designed to support massive device connectivity.

Cons

• Detailed pricing and plan information is not readily available on the Ericsson website.
• The effectiveness of Ericsson’s 5G solutions may vary depending on location and specific business needs.

Nokia

Best for massive machine type communication

Nokia, a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company, is recognized for its comprehensive portfolio of 5G products, services, and licensing opportunities.

Nokia’s 5G solutions are designed to support a wide range of use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communication, and ultra-reliable low latency communication.

Pricing

• Nokia’s 5G solutions are diverse, and pricing is likely to depend on the specific needs of the business.
• Detailed pricing information isn’t readily available on the Nokia website.

Features

• Enhanced mobile broadband: Nokia’s 5G technology claims to offer enhanced mobile broadband, which could be beneficial for businesses requiring high-speed internet connectivity for mobile or dispersed teams.
• Massive machine type communication: This feature supports the simultaneous connection of a large number of devices, a feature that could be useful for businesses relying on IoT.
• Ultra-reliable low latency communication: Nokia’s 5G technology claims to offer ultra-reliable low latency communication, which could be beneficial for businesses requiring real-time data analysis.

Pros

• Nokia offers a comprehensive portfolio of 5G products and services.
• The company’s 5G technology supports a wide range of use cases.
• Nokia’s 5G solutions are designed to support massive machine type communication.

Cons

• While Nokia offers a comprehensive portfolio, this could also be overwhelming for businesses that are new to 5G technology, making it harder to identify the right solutions for their specific needs.
• Their pricing information is not listed and their precise offering is vague.

Key features of 5G business internet

If you are in the market for 5G business internet, there are several key features that make it a great business option, including its trademark high-speed connectivity and low latency, plus enhanced elements like network slicing and massive connectivity.

High-speed connectivity

One of the most significant advantages of 5G business internet is its high-speed connectivity. 5G networks can offer speeds that are significantly faster than those of previous-generation networks. This means that businesses can download and upload data more quickly, which can improve efficiency and productivity.

High-speed connectivity can be particularly beneficial for businesses that rely on real-time data transfer, such as those in the financial services or healthcare sectors.

Low latency

5G networks also offer low latency, which is the time it takes for data to travel from one point to another. Low latency can improve the performance of business applications, particularly those that require real-time interaction, such as videoconferencing or online gaming.

For businesses, low latency can mean smoother video calls, faster load times, and improved responsiveness in applications.

Network slicing

Network slicing is a unique feature of 5G networks that allows businesses to create multiple virtual networks within a single physical 5G network. This can be particularly useful for businesses that have varying needs for different parts of their operations.

For example, a business might require a high-speed, low-latency network slice for its real-time applications, and a separate, high-capacity slice for its data-intensive applications.

Massive connectivity

5G networks are designed to support a massive number of devices simultaneously. This can be particularly beneficial for businesses that use IoT devices, as it allows them to connect more devices to the network without impacting performance. Massive connectivity can enable businesses to deploy IoT solutions on a larger scale, improving efficiency and data collection.

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) is a feature of 5G networks that provides high-speed broadband connectivity on mobile devices. This can enable businesses to provide their employees with high-speed internet access on the go, improving flexibility and productivity.

How to choose the best 5G business internet for your business

Choosing the best 5G business internet for your business is a crucial decision that can significantly impact your operations and productivity. The best choice will depend on your specific needs, the nature of your industry, and the unique features that different providers offer.

For example, if your business relies heavily on real-time data transfer and applications, providers like AT&T, Ericsson, and Verizon, which offer high-speed connectivity and low latency, could be a good fit. These features can improve the performance of real-time applications, making operations smoother and more efficient.

Businesses in sectors like manufacturing, logistics, or retail that use a large number of IoT devices will find the massive connectivity offered by all five providers — especially Nokia, Ericsson, and Verizon — can be a game-changer. This feature allows a large number of devices to be connected simultaneously without impacting network performance, enabling businesses to scale their IoT solutions.

If your business requires different network capabilities for different operations, the network slicing feature offered by AT&T, Ericsson, Nokia, and Verizon could be particularly beneficial. This feature allows businesses to create multiple virtual networks within a single physical 5G network, each tailored to specific needs.

For businesses with a mobile workforce, the Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) feature offered by all five providers can provide high-speed internet access on mobile devices. This feature can improve flexibility and productivity, allowing employees to access high-speed internet wherever they are.

Lastly, pricing is an important consideration. T-Mobile and Verizon offer clear pricing models, with T-Mobile’s 5G business internet service starting at $50 per month and Verizon’s starting at $69 per month. AT&T, Ericsson, and Nokia require businesses to contact them for pricing, which could offer more flexibility but also makes quick comparisons more difficult.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How can 5G be used in business?

5G can be used in businesses in several ways:

• Enhancing communication: Its high speed and low latency can improve communication within businesses, making videoconferencing and remote collaboration more efficient.
• IoT integration: 5G can support a vast number of IoT devices, enabling businesses to leverage IoT technology for improved data collection, automation, and efficiency.
• Remote work: With 5G technology, businesses can offer more robust remote work options, as employees can access high-speed internet from anywhere.
• Real-time analytics: 5G facilitates real-time data analysis, helping businesses make quicker and more informed decisions.

Why should businesses adopt 5G?

Businesses should adopt 5G for several reasons:

• Speed and efficiency: 5G offers faster data speeds and lower latency, which can increase productivity and efficiency.
• Future-proofing: As more technologies (like IoT, AI, and VR) start to rely on 5G, adopting 5G can help businesses stay competitive. Besides, let’s face it, eventually everything will run on 5G — and you don’t want your business to be the last one to adapt.
• Improved customer experience: Faster and more reliable internet can enhance the customer experience, especially for businesses that offer online services or products.

What are the drawbacks of using 5G for a business?

Despite the clear advantages, there are several potential drawbacks for businesses using 5G:

• Security concerns: With more devices connected, there could be more points of vulnerability that could be exploited by cyberthreats.
• Infrastructure cost: Transitioning from 4G to 5G requires a complete overhaul of existing infrastructure, which can be costly.
• Limited coverage: As of now, 5G coverage is not universally available and is primarily concentrated in urban areas.
• Potential health effects: There are ongoing debates about the potential health effects of the higher frequency radio waves used by 5G. Although previous claims about 5G causing viruses have proven spurious, the long-term effects of radiation are harder to assess.
• Interference with flight operations: There have been concerns raised about the potential for 5G signals to interfere with radio altimeters in aircraft.

Methodology

We evaluated each provider based on several key aspects of 5G business internet services, including speed and reliability, coverage, pricing, customer service, and unique features.

Primary data about each provider was gathered directly from the vendor’s website, ensuring that our information is up-to-date and accurate. We also took into account the provider’s reputation in the industry and their commitment to innovation in the 5G space.

We also analyzed user feedback on various review websites. This allowed us to gain insights into the real-world performance of these providers and their services, as well as the experiences of businesses that use them.

Bottom line: The best 5G network provider for your business

Choosing the right 5G business internet provider is a critical decision that can significantly impact your business operations. The majority of 5G business internet services in the U.S. are provided by the five companies discussed in this article. Each provider offers a unique set of features and options that cater to different business needs.

While AT&T, Ericsson, Nokia, T-Mobile, and Verizon are all leading providers, the 5G business internet market is rapidly evolving, and new providers may emerge in the future. As the 5G landscape continues to evolve, staying informed about the latest offerings and advancements can help you make the most of this transformative technology.

Once you have your 5G provider picked out, don’t forget to fortify your network. Here are some particular 5G security concerns to watch out for.

The post 5 Best 5G Business Internet Network Providers in 2023 appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network (LAN). In essence the STP serves as a blueprint or compass to more efficiently navigate the network.

Picture a city with a complex network of bridges connecting its many islands. Without a blueprint to prevent the formation of closed loops, traffic would become entangled in an endless cycle, causing chaos and congestion throughout the city.

Similarly, STP maps out the best route for data packets to traverse the network, eliminating the potential for loops and ensuring efficient communication across network devices.

How Spanning Tree Protocol works

STP is built on bridge protocol data units (BPDUs), which are constantly sent back and forth between neighboring switches in the LAN and contain all STP data in their frames.

When transmitting BPDUs, a switch employs a distinct source MAC address associated with its originating port, targeting a multicast address characterized by a specific destination MAC. 

Any time a bridge is connected to the network or its topology changes, the bridge will receive a special BPDU requesting configuration.

STP operates on a hierarchical structure, with the establishment of a root bridge serving as the foundation. The root bridge is typically chosen automatically based on the lowest MAC address. This is often the oldest and slowest device, so you may want to select the root bridge manually.

Once determined, the root bridge becomes the reference point from which all other switches calculate their path costs.

Path costs are determined by the accumulated sum of individual link costs, with lower values representing more favorable routes.

Once the root bridge has been selected and the lowest path costs established, redundant paths are subsequently placed in a blocking state to prevent the formation of loops, while the remaining active paths facilitate the smooth flow of data traffic.

All bridges and switches that STP runs on are 802.1D-compliant.

5 STP port states

During the Spanning Tree Protocol’s operation, ports on network switches can transition between five distinct states, each serving a specific purpose in the quest for a loop-free topology: disabled, blocking, listening, learning, and forwarding.

1. Disabled: The port is administratively shut down and does not participate in STP.
2. Blocking: The port receives and processes BPDUs but does not forward data frames, effectively preventing the formation of loops.
3. Listening: The port is actively engaged in the election of the root bridge and designated ports, and will process incoming BPDUs, but still refrains from forwarding data frames.
4. Learning: While still not forwarding data frames, the port is now able to update its MAC address table based on the source addresses it receives.
5. Forwarding: In this final state, the port is fully operational and facilitates the flow of data frames and the processing of BPDUs.

4 STP modes

The Spanning Tree Protocol offers several modes of operation, catering to the diverse requirements of network managers.

• Common Spanning Tree (CST): A single instance of STP encompasses the entire network, regardless of the number of VLANs present. CST offers simplicity but lacks granular control and flexibility.
• Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST): Unique to Cisco devices, PVST enables the creation of separate spanning trees for each VLAN. PVST provides a higher degree of control, but at the expense of increased resource consumption.
• Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+): An enhancement of PVST, PVST+ allows for interoperability with non-Cisco devices implementing the IEEE 802.1Q standard.
• Multiple Spanning Tree (MST): A highly efficient mode that enables the grouping of multiple VLANs into a single Spanning Tree instance, reducing resource usage and management complexity.

3 STP timers

Three fundamental timers govern the operation of the Spanning Tree Protocol, ensuring timely and efficient convergence of the network.

• Hello Timer: The interval at which the root bridge transmits BPDUs to neighboring switches, typically set to 2 seconds. 
• Forward Delay: The duration a port spends in both the Listening and Learning states before transitioning to the Forwarding state, with a default value of 15 seconds.
• Max Age: The maximum time a switch retains a BPDU before considering it stale and discarding it, set to 20 seconds by default.

Is enabling STP worth it?

The decision to enable SPT depends on the specific needs and objectives of your enterprise network. STP is particularly useful for enterprise networks with redundant paths, where the risk of loops and broadcast storms is imminent. However, in smaller networks with minimal redundancy or in networks with well-defined Layer 3 boundaries, STP may not be as crucial.

Advantages of STP

The Spanning Tree Protocol offers several notable benefits to network managers:

• Loop prevention: STP’s primary function is to eliminate loops, ensuring a stable network topology and preventing broadcast storms.
• Redundancy: By selectively blocking and unblocking ports, STP enables the efficient use of redundant paths, enhancing the network’s fault tolerance.
• Scalability: STP can accommodate the addition of new switches or VLANs, dynamically adjusting the network topology as needed.
• Simplifies bridge logic: STP simplifies bridging logic by establishing a root bridge that sees all traffic in the network and ensures efficient data forwarding.
• Backups: It also provides backups that become active when the main connection experiences technical hiccups.

Disadvantages of STP

Despite its advantages, STP has certain limitations and drawbacks:

• Convergence time: STP’s convergence can be relatively slow, especially in large networks, potentially leading to temporary disruptions in data traffic.
• Inefficient use of links: Blocked ports result in wasted bandwidth, as they remain inactive until a topology change occurs.
• Complexity: The configuration and management of STP can be intricate, particularly in networks with multiple VLANs and spanning tree instances.

What is Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol (RSTP)?

The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), defined by the IEEE 802.1w standard, is an evolution of the classic STP. 

RSTP aims to address some of STP’s shortcomings by providing faster convergence times and enhanced efficiency. By introducing features such as alternate and backup ports, RSTP can rapidly respond to changes in the network topology, reducing convergence time and minimizing disruptions.

Are there alternatives to STP?

While STP and its variants remain popular choices for loop prevention, there are alternative technologies that can achieve similar objectives, such as Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) and Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL).

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB)

Based on the IEEE 802.1aq standard, SPB combines the benefits of OSI Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocols, offering a simplified and scalable solution for loop prevention and network management.

One of the key features of SPB is its utilization of Dijkstra’s algorithm, a graph theory-based algorithm designed to find the shortest path between nodes in a weighted graph. By implementing Dijkstra’s algorithm, SPB calculates the optimal routes between switches, ensuring efficient data traffic flow while simultaneously eliminating the risk of loops.

Moreover, SPB enhances network flexibility and resilience by supporting multiple equal-cost paths, thus providing improved load balancing and fault tolerance capabilities.

Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)

Based on the IETF RFC 6326 standard, TRILL employs shortest path routing protocols at Layer 2 of the OSI model and supports multihopping environments. It can work with any network topology, using links that would otherwise have been blocked, and can be used at the same time as STP. In fact, it was designed by the same person, Radia Perlman, as a successor to STP.

The main benefit of TRILL is that it frees up capacity on your network which can’t be used (to prevent routing loops) if you use STP, allowing your Ethernet frames to take the shortest path to their destination. This in turn means more efficient utilization of network infrastructure and a decreased cost-to-benefit ratio.

These benefits are particularly important in data centers running cloud computing infrastructure. TRILL is also considered more stable than STP because it provides faster recovery time in the event of hardware failure.

Bottom line: Using STP in enterprise networks

The Spanning Tree Protocol, with its ability to ensure a loop-free network topology, remains a critical tool in the arsenal of network managers.

While STP is not without its drawbacks, the introduction of Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol and alternative technologies offers additional options for achieving network stability and optimization.

A thorough understanding of STP and its variants will enable network managers to harness their networks’ full potential and make informed decisions that cater to their network’s unique requirements.

We’ve reviewed the best network switches on the market to help you streamline your network.

The post Spanning Tree Protocol Explained: What Is STP in Networking? appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

Businesses need to choose the right routing protocols for their network. These protocols can determine whether they’re able to stream content or host a reliable teleconference. The performance and speed enable users to work fast, getting the files they need to and from different places in the network or online.

It’s also important for a business network to remain accessible because routing protocols are able to adjust to the changing conditions within the network, including the ability to detect which connections are offline and what obstructions exist.

Several routing protocols are available today, but two of the most often compared are Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Both are considered interior gateway protocols and work within a single routing domain.

What is EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)?

Designed by Cisco Systems, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol is a network protocol that allows your routers to trade information more efficiently than similar protocols that came before it.

EIGRP is fully interoperable with routers using the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, on which it was based. It’s also used for Novell NetWare and AppleTalk networks.

EIGRP routers keep a copy of the routing tables of their neighboring routers. When one router needs to find a route, it scans these tables to find a suitable one. If it fails to find a route, the neighboring router will do it for them, and so on until a route is established.

EIGRP determines the most efficient route using a diffusing update algorithm, which is hosted on a finite state machine that will ultimately decide which is the least costly or most efficient route from the origin to the destination.

What is OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)?

Open Shortest Path First, commonly used in enterprise networks, uses shortest path first (SPF) technology to find and efficiently distribute routing information between routers on a local area network (LAN).

Designed specifically for TCP/IP environments, OSPF routers are located within the same network and know about all the routers in that area. Those belonging to the same area will be able to pass along the information they’ve learned to adjacent routers, which are called neighbors.

An OSPF system can calculate the shortest path to a remote destination or router by using Dijkstra’s algorithm. This algorithm is used to find the shortest way between the source node to the destination node.

Comparing EIGRP vs. OSPF

5 key differences between EIGRP and OSPF

While EIGRP and OSPF exhibit some similarities in principle, their actual execution is very different. These differences start at the level of the protocol type, and extend to their convergence time, metric, administrative distance, and load balancing.

Protocol type

EIGRP networks have routers that use both distance vector algorithm and link state. Distance vector algorithms dictate that a router should inform other routers of changes in its topology. Each router will also have a table that lists the distance between destination nodes and the router itself.

This protocol also requires the router to update itself when there are changes in the distance information of other routers or if a link to another router is gone. So with a diffusing update algorithm doing the computation to find the shortest path, EIGRP networks have both the best and alternate paths available.

Link-state routing, on the other hand, doesn’t talk to all the routers in the area like a distance vector router does. Instead, these routers exchange messages with one other router at a time to learn about the network’s topology. 

OSPF networks, which are predominantly based on link-state protocol, use the Dijkstra algorithm to find the shortest path.

Convergence time 

EIGRP has a faster convergence time than OSPF—meaning it can quickly recalculate routes if a link or router fails—because it uses a Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to calculate the shortest path to a destination, avoiding network loops. OSPF uses the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm, which takes longer to converge. 

Metric

EIGRP uses a composite metric that includes bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, and maximum transmission unit (MTU). The metric is calculated by taking the minimum value for each parameter. This allows for quick route calculations and ensures the best path is always taken.

OSPF uses a single metric, cost, based on the link’s bandwidth. This metric is calculated by taking the inverse of the link’s bandwidth and is used to determine the cost of the path from one node to another. The path’s cost is then added up to determine the shortest path to a destination.

Administrative distance 

Administrative distance is a measure of the reliability of a routing protocol. It’s a value that routers use to select the best path when there are multiple routes to the same destination. The lower the administrative distance value, the more reliable the protocol is considered.

In EIGRP, administrative distance is configurable, with a default value of 90 for internal routes and 170 for external routes. This means that EIGRP will prefer routes that are learned internally over those that are learned externally. If multiple routes have the same administrative distance, EIGRP will use other metrics, such as bandwidth and delay, to determine the best path.

On the other hand, in OSPF, administrative distance is fixed and cannot be changed. The administrative distance value for OSPF is 110 for all routes. This means that OSPF routes are considered less reliable than EIGRP routes by default. However, OSPF uses other metrics, such as path cost, to determine the best path if there are multiple routes with the same administrative distance.

Load balancing

The process of distributing network traffic across multiple paths to optimize resource utilization, minimize latency, and improve network performance is known as load balancing. Both EIGRP and OSPF support load balancing, but there are some differences in how they achieve it:

EIGRP

• EIGRP supports unequal-cost load balancing by default, which allows it to distribute traffic across paths with different metrics.
• EIGRP calculates the metric based on a combination of bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, and MTU of the path.
• EIGRP uses a variance command to configure the level of load balancing allowed. The variance command sets a multiplier for the minimum metric of the paths that are included in the load balancing process.

OSPF

• Supports equal-cost load balancing by default, which allows it to distribute traffic across multiple paths with the same metric.
• OSPF calculates the metric based on the bandwidth of the path.
• OSPF uses a cost command to configure the metric of the path. 

Configuration differences

We analyzed EIGRP and OSPF configuration differences with sample codes. Here are the basic steps to configure each protocol.

EIGRP configuration

Follow these steps to configure EIGRP on a Cisco router: 

1. Enter global configuration mode

Router> enable
Router# configure terminal

2. Enable EIGRP on the router using the router EIGRP command and specify an Autonomous System (AS) number:

Router(config)# router eigrp <AS_number>

3. Configure the router interfaces that will participate in EIGRP by using the network command followed by the IP address and wildcard mask of the network:

Router(config-router)# network <network_address> <wildcard_mask>

OSPF configuration

Here are the basic steps to configure OSPF:

1. Enter the global configuration mode and issue the “router ospf” command followed by a process ID number. For example:

Router(config)# router ospf 1

T​​his will enable OSPF and create a new process with an ID of 1.

2. Then assign an OSPF router ID.

Each router in the OSPF network must have a unique ID to identify it. You can assign a router ID manually or have OSPF choose one automatically. To manually assign a router ID, enter the following command in global configuration mode:

Router(config-router)# router-id <router-id>

Replace “router-id” with the IP address you want to use as the router ID.

3. Then define the area ID for the OSPF interface:

Router(config-router)# network <network-address> <wildcard-mask> area <area-id>

When to choose EIGRP or OSPF

In most cases, OSPF is much simpler to implement because it only considers the least cost. It’s especially effective for small networks. However, it may get complicated when the network gets larger. If you have a bigger site, you’ll want to make sure that you have the IT skills to keep things in line.

It also works excellently for a variety of LAN and WAN environments, or if you’re using devices and routers from different vendors. OSPF is open sourced and it’s easier to configure a broad variety of routers using this protocol.

Cisco claims that EIGRP is also an open standard, but they do not publish a lot of the core protocols in the RFC 7868 document that they prepared. Leaving out these details makes it difficult for you to use another manufacturer’s router in an EIGRP network.

That said, EIGRP is excellent for businesses that use Cisco routers. It’s natively integrated, making it much easier to configure, and provides fast convergence.

Bottom line: EIGRP vs. OSPF

Both EIGRP and OSPF are widely used routing protocols in today’s network infrastructure. The choice between these protocols ultimately depends on the specific needs and requirements of the network in question, including factors such as network size, complexity, and hardware compatibility. 

By understanding the key differences between EIGRP and OSPF, network administrators can make informed decisions when selecting the appropriate routing protocol for their network infrastructure.

You can get a good visualization of your network with a network mapping tool. And keep your network protection with these eight tips to conduct a network security audit.

The post EIGRP vs. OSPF Routing Protocols: What’s the Difference? appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.