What is mobile network security?

Mobile network security refers to cybersecurity risks and tools specific to smartphones and tablets. A mobile network is mainly for devices you would connect through a wireless provider, although it can also include hotspots and routers.

The main differentiating factor in a mobile network is portability. Securing portable devices poses unique risks that can be challenging to mitigate, particularly regarding endpoint security.

5 steps for securing mobile networks

How can organizations secure their mobile networks? Specific strategies vary depending on their unique needs, but there are a few core strategies anyone can implement.

1. Conduct a risk assessment

Securing a mobile network requires expanding the visibility of your vulnerabilities. A risk assessment will reveal weak spots and highlight the most significant threats.

A standard risk assessment consists of six basic steps for gathering and analyzing information on your network’s security features. Pay special attention to endpoint security when analyzing mobile networks. Most activity occurs at endpoints, such as smartphones, so this aspect is the most exposed to cybersecurity risks.

2. Secure your routers

Router security is critical for protecting mobile networks. Unsecured Wi-Fi routers can give hackers easy access to your organization’s mobile network and all devices on it. Once inside, they can steal private data or spread malware.

Prevent this by securing your routers. Even something as simple as changing the password can improve security. Many people and even businesses make the mistake of leaving their routers set to weak default passwords, which poses a critical safety risk.

3. Leverage network segmentation and monitoring

Network segmentation is commonly used to create low-security public networks for customers, separate from higher-security employee ones. But you can also use it laterally and internally.

Splitting your network into isolated, secured segments makes it significantly harder for hackers to steal or damage data. It also minimizes the risks associated with weak or compromised endpoint security. Even if a cybercriminal steals an employee’s phone, they can only access limited chunks of information with it.

Network security is best implemented on an organizationwide level but can also be fairly simple. For example, most routers have basic segmentation capabilities that allow users to create a public and private network on the same device.

You’ll also want to make sure you’re performing careful network monitoring. This is another technology that’s particularly useful for ensuring strong endpoint security. Endpoints are among the most challenging risk factors to track in mobile networks since there is such a high volume of devices. Automated monitoring can simplify this by analyzing endpoint activity and filtering out anything suspicious.

4. Provide training on identifying unsafe apps

Unsafe apps can be difficult to spot. Many have extensive advertising online and often appear to be harmless games. There are some red flags you can use to help your team identify and avoid these apps, though.

For example, scam apps are almost always free. The scammers and hackers who create them want people to download them, so they rarely charge a fee. There may be in-app purchase options, though, through which they are able to obtain credit card information and other personal data.

Scam apps also tend to have inconsistent, unreliable performance and low-quality graphics. They may be disguised to look like legitimate pop-ups on your phone. These apps also tend to include excessive calls to action, such as making a payment or providing information to create an account.

5. Secure wireless accounts

SIM swapping is one of the top mobile network security threats today. This attack involves committing fraud by transferring someone’s phone number to a new SIM card without permission. You must take special precautions to prevent this.

Start by getting in touch with your organization’s wireless provider. They will help you set up security measures to verify a user’s identity before allowing any changes to their phone number or SIM. For example, your provider may allow you to set up a PIN system employees can use to authorize any changes to their wireless account or phone number.

Additionally, consider keeping high-risk phone numbers confidential. Hackers need a phone number and personal information to commit SIM swapping. Keeping sensitive phone numbers private and not posting them anywhere online will reduce the risk of fraud attempts.

Even if you are not handling highly sensitive information, confidentiality is a core best practice for good data security. Using encryption tools and minimizing the spread of data can increase privacy and lessen risks. This applies to all personal information, not just phone numbers.

Top 4 mobile security threats

Mobile devices are vulnerable to many of the same threats facing typical desktop computers, such as phishing or malware. There are additional risk factors unique to mobile networks, though. These include SIM swapping, cross-app tracking, scam apps, and unsecured Wi-Fi networks.

1. SIM swapping

Over the past few years, SIM swapping has become one of the most severe mobile network security threats. This fraud strategy involves stealing someone’s phone number by illegally transferring it to a new SIM card in the fraudster’s smartphone. The scammer can then use it to confirm purchases or access financial information.

The fraudster usually leverages personal information available online to accomplish a SIM swapping scheme. For instance, they might use social media to find a victim’s name, address and contact information. Scammers typically choose a target they know will likely have a lot of money or access to valuable data.

2. Tracking and data sharing

Some apps can track activity or share data even when the user is not actively using that app. This cross-app tracking often happens without someone’s knowledge. App developers can use this data to gather personal information or sell targeted ads.

Unauthorized cross-app tracking can pose a serious security risk, particularly if your organization handles sensitive or confidential information. Any type of app can include monitoring and data-sharing features. For example, TikTok has faced extensive security scrutiny over recent years due to concerns about cross-app tracking and cookies. India even banned the app due to data security issues.

3. Scam apps

Some mobile apps are specifically designed to run scams or take users to phishing sites. These apps often come in the form of free games that show users excessive ads. Scam apps are especially likely to feature deceptive ads, such as clickbait designed to look like a legitimate pop-up on your phone.

Scam apps can pose myriad mobile network security risks. They can include cross-app tracking, sharing user data, exposing people to phishing content, stealing personal information and more. In-app purchases can even lead to theft of financial data.

Some scam apps are more obvious than others. For instance, over the past few years, there have been a growing number of ads for games that look nothing like the advertisement shows. The scammers who create these apps put more effort into the ad than the app itself because they simply want people to download it, not play it for long. However, it’s often difficult to tell if the app or game is a scam at first glance.

4. Unsecured Wi-Fi

Public or unsecured Wi-Fi networks are among the most prevalent threats to mobile network security. Hackers can easily exploit these networks to distribute malware or access users’ data without their knowledge. They leverage tactics like ARP spoofing and DNS poisoning to funnel users onto unsafe websites through unsecure Wi-Fi.

Top 3 mobile security solutions

There are many risks facing mobile network security, but you can use various technologies to protect your organization’s devices. These tools will help strengthen endpoint security and increase network visibility.

1. Mobile VPNs

VPNs are one of the most robust tools for protecting mobile devices today. They improve privacy, minimize tracking, strengthen data security and more. A VPN can be a good way to reduce risk factors if you’re concerned about your team using mobile devices on different networks with varying security levels.

There are a wide array of mobile VPNs available today. Top-rated options include:

• NordVPN
• ExpressVPN
• Surfshark
• ProtonVPN

2. Mobile antivirus apps

Antivirus software is a must-have in laptop and desktop security, but it’s also available for mobile devices. Many people don’t realize they can add antivirus apps to their phones and tablets like on a Mac or PC.

There are a growing number of mobile antivirus apps for Android and iOS with varying prices and features. Bitdefender is a top choice if you’re looking for an app that works on Android and iOS. The mobile version of Bitdefender includes protection from phishing and malicious sites, as well as a built-in VPN.

3. Network monitoring software

Network monitoring software is invaluable for getting a bird’s-eye view of your mobile network and spotting suspicious activity early. There are dozens of great network monitoring programs available today such as SolarWinds, Checkmk, and NinjaOne — so do your research and choose the best one for your particular use case.

You should prioritize endpoint monitoring features for mobile networks in particular. Endpoints are the more vulnerable part of any mobile network and typically the hardest to track. Robust endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions such as SentinelOne, CrowdStrike, and Bitdefender will be invaluable for protecting your network.

Bottom line: Secure mobile networks by focusing on your endpoints

Mobile network security is critical because people are accessing increasing amounts of sensitive data directly from their mobile devices. You can take action to protect your organization’s system by implementing network segmentation, increasing visibility, analyzing risk assessment data and providing users with mobile security tools. VPNs and antivirus apps can go a long way toward securing endpoints.

One of the best ways to protect your mobile networks and devices is with a VPN. See our list of the best mobile VPNs specifically tailored for smartphones and tablets.

The post Mobile Network Security: How to Secure Mobile Networks appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

Mobile network hacking refers to any unauthorized access to your mobile device or its communications. This can range from high-level security breaches to simple interception of data over unsecured internet connections. It can also include physical theft of your phone and subsequent hacking attempts using brute force methods.

Cybercriminals create many digital mobile hacking tools designed to insert harmful programs and unwanted applications into your mobile device. They can extract sensitive user inputs and confidential data from a compromised device or network. Some of these mobile hacking tools even allow the attacker to control your device without your permission.

How mobile network hacking works

Attackers may use a variety of tactics to carry out a cell phone network hack, but the process typically involves identifying the target, finding vulnerabilities, delivering malicious payload, exploitation, exfiltrating data, and covering tracks.

1. Identifying the target

Hackers often choose specific targets based on multiple factors, such as the value of the information stored on the device, the user’s profile, or potential financial benefit. Targets could be anyone; cyber criminals often pick targets based on what they can gain, weighing factors such as difficulty, risk, and potential take.

2. Finding vulnerabilities

Attackers search for weak spots in your device, operating system (OS), or installed applications. These vulnerabilities could also include outdated software or easy-to-guess passwords.

3. Delivering malicious payload

Upon discovering vulnerabilities in your phone, hackers deploy a malicious payload. This payload is a harmful component like a virus or spyware that can reach your mobile device through different methods, including hackers sending a phishing email, creating a fake Wi-Fi hotspot, or embedding the payload within an app.

4. Exploitation

After executing the malicious payload, hackers can exploit vulnerabilities to establish a foothold. These vulnerabilities could be weaknesses in the OS, outdated software, or flaws in specific apps.

5. Exfiltrating data

Once access is established, attackers may steal or exfiltrate sensitive data or even take full control of your device. This can lead to identity theft, financial fraud, or other malicious activities.

6. Covering tracks

Cybercriminals aim to stay undetected for as long as possible to maximize the damage they can cause and avoid capture. They often try to manipulate any evidence of their intrusion by deleting log files, altering timestamps, or modifying other data that could expose their activities.

Moreover, they may install backdoors to bypass normal authentication procedures and access a computer or network remotely without detection. Some attackers also use sophisticated techniques, namely encrypting malicious code, exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities, or using rootkits to avoid detection as they execute attacks.

9 common ways hackers attack on mobile

Cybercriminals use several techniques to conduct network hacking on mobile devices, like malicious apps, social engineering, phishing attacks, unsecured Wi-Fi networks, outdated software, SMS-based attacks, Bluetooth exploitation, weak passwords, and hardware exploitation.

Malicious apps

Malicious apps are software programs designed to compromise the security of a mobile device. They often appear legitimate but contain harmful elements such as malware, spyware, or ransomware, aiming to steal sensitive information or control the device.

Social engineering

Social engineering involves manipulating individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that may compromise security. Attackers exploit human psychology through techniques like impersonation, deception, or creating a false sense of urgency.

Phishing attacks

Phishing attacks, the most prevalent form of social engineering, involve deceptive tactics to trick users into giving out login credentials or personal data. Attackers often use fake websites, emails, or messages that mimic trusted sources to exploit user trust.

Unsecured Wi-Fi networks

Connecting to unsecured Wi-Fi networks exposes mobile devices to potential attacks. Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities in these networks to intercept data, launch man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, or distribute malware.

Outdated software

Attackers target known weaknesses in outdated software applications or OS to gain unauthorized access, install malware, or conduct other malicious activities.

SMS-based attacks

SMS-based attacks involve the manipulation of text messages to deceive users or take advantage of vulnerabilities in messaging systems. These attacks may include phishing attempts, malware distribution, or unauthorized access through SMS channels.

Bluetooth exploitation

This occurs when attackers leverage vulnerabilities in a device’s Bluetooth functionality to illegally access, distribute malware, or intercept data exchanged between devices.

Weak passwords

Guessable passwords make it easier for attackers to get illegal access to mobile devices or accounts. Using weak passwords or reusing them across multiple accounts increases the risk of unauthorized access and potential data breaches.

Hardware exploitation

While software protection is crucial for mobile network security, it’s equally vital to address hardware vulnerabilities that can undermine mobile network security. Attackers may exploit weaknesses in your device’s hardware components, such as baseband processors, SIM cards, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi.

How to detect if your mobile device is hacked

There are signs you can look out for to detect mobile device hacking, including unusual battery drain, slow performance, excessive data usage, unfamiliar apps or frequent pop-ups, strange texts or calls, overheating, suspicious account activity, unexpected permissions, device behavior anomalies, and network irregularities.

• Unusual battery drain: Your device’s battery is depleting rapidly, even with minimal usage. This could indicate that malicious processes are running in the background, consuming extra power.
• Slow performance: Your device experiences sluggish response times, frequent delays, or crashes. This may be a result of hacking activities straining your device’s resources.
• Excessive data usage: You notice a sudden and unexplained increase in data consumption. This could be a sign that malware or hacking tools are using your data to communicate with external servers.
• Unfamiliar apps or frequent pop-ups: New and unfamiliar apps appear on your device without your consent, or you observe frequent pop-ups. Malicious software may install additional apps or generate unwanted advertisements.
• Overheating: Your device becomes unusually hot, even during light usage. This may indicate that malicious processes are straining your device’s hardware, causing it to overheat.
• Suspicious account activity: You detect unusual activity, unrecognized logins, or unauthorized access in your accounts. Hackers may get into your accounts through compromised devices.
• Unexpected permissions: Apps request permissions that seem unnecessary for their declared function. Malicious apps may seek additional permissions to access sensitive data.
• Device behavior anomalies: Your device behaves unexpectedly, such as turning on or off without input. Hacking activities can cause disruptions in normal device behavior.
• Network irregularities: You observe network behavior irregularities, like frequent disconnections or unfamiliar devices connected to your Wi-Fi. Hacked devices may show irregularities in network connections.

Mobile network hacking prevention tips

While a mobile network can be hacked, there are many ways you can prevent it. Using strong passwords, updating software regularly, enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) or multi-factor authentication (MFA), avoiding public Wi-Fi usage, using HTTPS, being cautious with app permissions, securing your Bluetooth, and installing mobile security apps are some of the ways you can protect your device from network hacking.

• Use strong passwords/PINs: Set strong and unique passwords or PINs for your mobile device and SIM card. Avoid using “1234,” “password,” or other easily guessable passwords.
• Regularly update software: Keep your mobile device’s OS and all installed apps up to date to patch vulnerabilities and improve security. One of the simplest steps you can take is to turn on automatic updates for both your apps and OS to enhance protection.
• Enable 2FA or MFA: Whenever possible, enable 2FA or MFA for your mobile accounts. This adds an extra layer of security aside from simply asking for a password by requiring more forms of verification, such as a code sent to your phone or fingerprints. 
• Avoid using public Wi-Fi: Connecting to a public Wi-Fi exposes your personal data to anyone else using the network. Avoid using public Wi-Fi for sensitive activities or consider using a mobile virtual private network (VPN) to encrypt your internet connection on public Wi-Fi networks.
• Use HTTPS: When browsing websites or using apps, ensure that you are using secure, encrypted connections (HTTPS). This helps protect data on your mobile network from hacker interception.
• Be cautious with app permissions: Review and understand the permissions requested by mobile apps before installing them. Only grant permissions that are necessary for the app’s functionality. Limit the access to other information on your device, including your location, contacts, and photos.
• Secure your Bluetooth: Disable Bluetooth when not in use, and make sure that your device is not set to be discoverable by other devices. This prevents unauthorized access or pairing.
• Install a mobile security app: Consider using reputable mobile security apps with antivirus protection, anti-malware scans, and app permission monitoring to help protect your device from malicious software.

Are 5G or 4G networks harder to hack?

Both 4G and 5G networks have security features designed to protect against different types of network security threats. However, 5G networks are generally considered more secure than their predecessors due to several enhancements in their design.

Here is a table comparing the security features of 4G networks and 5G networks:

While 5G networks offer better security features, it’s important to note that no network can be considered completely hack-proof. Security is an ongoing concern, and as technology advances, so do the tactics of cyberattackers.

Bottom line: Mobile network hacking

Be wary of the methods hackers use to access mobile devices, from fake websites on phishing attacks to easy-to-guess passwords. Watch out for signs that your device may be compromised, like unusual battery drainage, unexpected data consumption, or unexplained network activities. Vigilance is key, and you must be aware of your device’s behavior.

Regular or automatic updates and patches, using mobile VPNs, creating unique passwords, and proactive security measures are essential for maintaining a secure network environment. In addition, keep in mind that no technology, be it 4G or 5G, can claim absolute invulnerability to mobile network hacking, so always maintain vigilance on your networks and devices.

Reinforce your mobile security by safeguarding your enterprise mobile apps. Read our 5 Steps to Securing Your Enterprise Mobile Apps to find out how you can protect your business data and applications. One of the best strategies is using a top mobile VPN to keep prying eyes off your data.

The post Mobile Network Hacking: Definition, Methods, and Detection appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

Cultivating a strong security posture begins with the following patch management best practices. Promptly addressing known vulnerabilities helps organizations reduce the risk of unauthorized access, malicious code execution, and operational disruptions.

Let’s explore essential network patch management best practices, including establishing a patch management policy, automating deployment, prioritizing urgent vulnerabilities, testing patches thoroughly, maintaining an updated inventory, creating a rollback plan, enforcing least privilege access, monitoring and auditing compliance, and training employees.

1. Establish a patch management policy

A patch management policy gives a clear framework for how your organization will manage patches. It promotes consistency and accountability, and standardizes patch assessment and application procedures. It also aids in risk management, regulation compliance, and resource allocation. Furthermore, it facilitates communication and awareness regarding the entire patch management process.

Expert tips:

• Regularly review and update your patch management policy to check if it remains relevant and effective as your organization and technological needs evolve.
• Engage stakeholders in policy development.
• Clearly outline the roles and responsibilities of individuals involved in the patch management process.

2. Automate patch deployment

Using automated patch management tools for patch deployment supports the consistent and timely application of updates. Automation decreases the likelihood of human error and makes sure that security teams don’t miss any high-priority patches, thus improving the overall network security. Patch management software solutions like Acronis offer this feature.

Expert tips:

• Choose a software that fits your organization’s needs and scale. There are many reliable patch management solutions that can handle various types and system volumes you need to patch.
• Integrate patch deployment automation with SIEM systems to improve visibility.
• Develop and implement a test automation framework for patch deployment.

3. Prioritize critical vulnerabilities

By prioritizing the remediation of high-severity vulnerabilities, you ensure proper resource allocation to the most serious network security threats first. This minimizes the window of opportunity for potential attackers to exploit these vulnerabilities.

Expert tips:

• Use a vulnerability scoring system like the common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) to help prioritize patching based on the severity of vulnerabilities.
• Form a cross-functional team involving members from IT, security, operations, and business units to collectively assess and prioritize critical vulnerabilities for a thorough understanding of both technical and business considerations.
• Adopt a risk-based approach to prioritize critical vulnerabilities based on their potential impact on the organization.

4. Test patches thoroughly

Rigorously testing patches in a controlled environment is vital before deploying them to production systems. This enables identifying potential conflicts, compatibility issues, or unintended consequences that could disrupt operations. Tools like ManageEngine Patch Manager Plus can help in this regard.

Expert tips:

• Conduct thorough testing in an environment that mirrors your production setup. This provides a realistic simulation of production conditions and helps meet compliance requirements in certain industries.
• Create detailed test cases and consider variations in operating systems, software configurations, and network environments within your organization.

5. Maintain an updated inventory

Keep a comprehensive inventory of all devices and software in your network, such as servers, workstations, and network appliances. Regularly update this inventory to reflect changes in your infrastructure to enhance the accuracy of targeting patches to the appropriate systems. SolarWinds Patch Manager can assist with maintaining an updated inventory.

Expert tips:

• Use automated asset discovery tools to ensure that you don’t overlook any devices during patching. These tools can greatly ease the manual effort required for inventory management, enabling IT teams to concentrate on tasks of higher strategic importance.
• Extend the inventory beyond a simple list of assets by capturing relationships and dependencies between different components.
• Integrate the inventory system with configuration management tools to maintain consistency and accuracy in asset information.

6. Create a rollback plan

A rollback plan is a set of procedures that will support reverting systems to their previous state in case a patch causes unexpected problems or conflicts. It cuts down downtime in the event of patch deployment issues, allowing for a quick recovery.

Expert tips:

• Routinely simulate rollback scenarios to verify the effectiveness of the plan. Conduct mock rollbacks in a controlled environment to uncover potential challenges or gaps in the process so the IT team can optimize the rollback plan for real-world situations.
• Document detailed rollback procedures to guarantee smooth execution.
• Define clear communication protocols to follow in the event of a rollback.

7. Enforce least privilege access

Limit user and system privileges to the minimum required for normal operation to control the potential impact of security vulnerabilities. Restricting access minimizes the attack surface. By granting only necessary permissions, your organizations can diminish the risk of unauthorized modifications to key systems during the patching process.

Expert tips:

• Implement a regular review process for user and system privileges to ensure they remain at the appropriate level even after job roles and responsibilities change.
• Employ role-based access control (RBAC) to assign permissions based on job roles, streamline access management, and reduce complexity.
• Track and audit user activity to detect any unusual or unauthorized access patterns.

8. Monitor and audit patch compliance

Continuously monitor your network to maintain patch compliance and frequently audit systems to confirm the application of patches aligns with established policies. This allows you to identify and rectify any deviations, thus maintaining a consistently secure and up-to-date network environment.

Expert tips:

• Use a centralized patch management dashboard to monitor patch compliance and get real-time visibility into your patching status.
• Segment your network into logical zones and monitor patch compliance within each segment.
• Set up thresholds for acceptable patch compliance levels and configure alerts for deviations from these thresholds.

9. Train employees on the importance of regular updates

Educating employees is crucial to emphasize the significance of regularly updating systems and software. Informed employees are less likely to make errors, contributing to heightened security awareness across your organization. This creates a culture of vigilance and responsibility in relation to software updates.

Expert tips:

• Provide training with real-world examples and scenarios to enhance employee understanding. Using real-world examples and scenarios contextualizes theoretical knowledge, making it more tangible and applicable for employees. 
• Offer periodic refresher courses and updates to reinforce the training content.

Bottom line: Follow patch management best practices

The goal of network patch management is not just to fix problems but to proactively maintain the health and security of your network and systems. By following the best practices outlined in this article, your organizations can reduce vulnerability to cyberthreats.

Regular vulnerability assessments, prioritizing patches based on criticality, thorough testing in controlled environments, and automated deployment processes form the foundation of a robust strategy.

In addition, maintaining an updated inventory, a well-defined rollback plan, and enforcing least privilege access contribute to a secure infrastructure. Employee training boosts overall awareness and decreases the risk of human error, while continuous monitoring and audits ensure ongoing compliance.

It’s worth noting, though, that in order to achieve comprehensive network security, it’s imperative to integrate best practices for both networking devices and software applications. This involves adhering to software patch management best practices as well to bolster the security of the entire IT infrastructure.

These patch management best practices, coupled with expert tips, can strengthen your organization’s defense, creating a resilient and well-protected network.

Establishing a patch management policy is an important part of an effective patch management process. Learn how to create your own policy in our complete guide, complete with free template and examples.

The post 9 Network Patch Management Best Practices and Tips appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

For more information, read our complete guide to creating a patch management policy.

Overview

(Company Name) recognizes the importance of effective patch management in maintaining the security of the network and the information technology infrastructure. Our Patch Management Policy establishes a framework for systematically identifying, testing, and deploying software and system updates. It underscores our commitment to a structured approach to patch management, ensuring the integrity and reliability of our IT environment.

*[The overview section must succinctly describe the policy’s goals and the extent of its coverage. It serves as an introduction to help stakeholders understand the importance of patch management and its role in maintaining security and system integrity within the organization.]*

Purpose

(Company Name) has established the patch management policy to achieve the following objectives:

• Mitigate security risks: Address vulnerabilities and reduce the risk of security breaches, data loss, and unauthorized access.
• Ensure system stability: Minimize operational disruptions and system failures.
• Maintain compliance and accountability: Emphasize our commitment to responsible IT management and compliance with relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards.
• Enhance user trust: Foster trust among users, clients, and partners who rely on the security and reliability of our systems.

Scope

The scope of this policy pertains to the following IT resources directly related to patch management:

• Hardware assets: All hardware resources involved in the organization’s IT infrastructure and operations, including servers, workstations, and network equipment.
• Software assets: All software applications and systems, including operating systems, software applications, and software licenses.
• User accounts and access: User accounts and access permissions associated with IT resources.
• Licensing and compliance: Software licenses, compliance documentation related to patching, and software usage records that impact patch management activities.

Audience

This policy applies to the following key stakeholders and groups:

• All employees: Who interact with or have access to our IT infrastructure.
• IT department: Responsible for executing the patch management procedures, such as identification, testing, deployment, and documentation.
• Third-party vendors: Expected to provide patches and updates for their software or services used within the organization promptly.
• Contractors: Who work within the organization’s IT environment.

Patch Management Policy Details

a. Roles and Responsibilities

(Company Name)’s IT department is responsible for:

• Identifying, testing, and deploying patches in a timely manner.
• Documenting patch management activities.
• Maintaining a rollback plan for unforeseen issues during patch deployment.
• Ensuring compliance with this policy and relevant regulations.

End users must:

• Report vulnerabilities and issues promptly to the IT department.
• Adhere to security best practices and user awareness guidelines provided by the IT department.

Third-party vendors should:

• Promptly provide patches and updates for their software used within the organization, in accordance with service-level agreements (SLAs) or contractual agreements.

b. Patch Identification

(Company Name) places critical importance on the effective identification of patches to ensure staying informed about vulnerabilities and available fixes. The following responsibilities pertain to patch identification:

• Regular scanning using automated tools to detect missing patches.
• Promptly receiving and assessing vendor notifications for relevant patches.
• Monitoring common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE) databases for potential threats. 

c. Patching Priority

Responsibilities related to patching priority include:

• Risk Assessment: The IT Department systematically prioritizes patches based on the severity of vulnerabilities and their potential impact on the organization. 
• Critical Systems: Critical systems and applications within our organization will receive top priority for patching.

d. Patch Testing

Patches will be tested in a controlled environment before deployment to minimize the risk of unforeseen issues. During patch testing:

• Test environment: The network administrators will set up and maintain a controlled test environment to rigorously evaluate patches for their impact on system functionality and stability before deployment in the production environment.
• Feedback: The IT team will actively gather feedback from users to identify any compatibility issues.

e. Patch Deployment

The following guidelines should be followed during patch deployment:

• Maintenance windows: Network administrators plan regular maintenance windows for patch deployment to minimize operational disruptions. 
• Automation: If applicable, the IT team may employ patch management software solutions with automated tools for patch deployment.
• Change management: (Company Name) follows the change management process for patch deployment. The change management team oversees the planning and execution of patch-related changes to ensure that they are well-coordinated and meet business needs.

f. Patch Documentation

Careful patch documentation will be kept to aid in tracking and auditing patching activities. This will facilitate our regulatory compliance and accountability. The process encompasses:

• Record keeping: Our system administrators are responsible for maintaining detailed records of all patches applied. This includes recording the date of application, patch version, and the specific systems affected.
• Documentation repository: The IT Department ensures that patch documentation is stored in a centralized repository for auditing and tracking. This repository is accessible to authorized personnel and promotes transparency.

g. Emergency Patching

To ensure swift response to high-risk vulnerabilities, the following should be followed during emergency patching:

• Emergency procedures: The IT Department will define and implement emergency procedures to expedite the patching process, reducing the potential impact of vulnerabilities.
• Emergency notifications: Relevant stakeholders will be promptly notified.

h. Rollback Plan

To prepare for potential complications to maintain system stability, we will build a rollback plan, which includes:

• Contingency plan: The IT Department will develop a plan that outlines the steps to be taken in case of issues following patch deployment. 
• Backups: Ensuring the availability of data and system backups is a responsibility shared across our system administrators. These are vital for data recovery and system restoration in the event of patch-related failures.

i. User Awareness

User training and communication about patching processes will be conducted to create a security-conscious organizational culture. End users will also play a key role in reporting vulnerabilities and maintaining security awareness. We will follow these guidelines in improving user awareness:

• Training: The Training Department, in collaboration with the IT Department, conducts user training to educate employees on the significance of reporting vulnerabilities promptly and fostering their understanding of the patching process.
• User notifications: Our communication team will inform all users about scheduled patch deployments and any necessary actions they should take.

Compliance and Reporting

(Company name) will perform ongoing assessment of policy adherence to demonstrate compliance with industry standards. We will also encourage the reporting of security incidents for early detection and prompt mitigation. Responsibilities related to compliance and reporting include:

• Regular auditing: The Compliance Team performs regular audits to ensure compliance with the patch management policy.
• Incident reporting: Our Incident Response Team will establish a process for reporting security incidents related to patch management to enable prompt identification and resolution.
• Compliance reports: The IT Department will generate and review compliance reports on patch status and vulnerability mitigation to measure effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.

Patch Management Policy Maintenance

Policy Review and Revision

(Company Name) will follow these processes to make sure the Patch Management Policy remains effective and up-to-date: 

• Annual review: We will conduct an annual review of the Patch Management Policy. This review will assess the policy’s relevance, alignment with best practices, and success in addressing emerging threats.
• Feedback mechanism: We will administer the collection and assessment of feedback to identify areas for improvement.
• Policy updates: Any identified deficiencies or areas requiring improvement will result in updates to the Patch Management Policy. Our IT team will document these updates and communicate to all relevant stakeholders.

Policy Enforcement

The IT Department, in collaboration with Human Resources and Legal, will oversee policy enforcement. Non-compliance with the Patch Management Policy may result in disciplinary actions, as outlined in the policy.

Exceptions

(Company Name) understands that exceptions to this policy may be necessary under certain circumstances. Exceptions may be granted under the following conditions:

• In cases where immediate patch deployment may disrupt critical business operations, exceptions may be considered. The IT department must give their approval for exceptions.
• In instances where legacy systems or software that are no longer supported by vendors require specific patches, and applying them would cause system instability.
• When compliance with this policy conflicts with regulatory requirements or standards. For these cases, users must formally request exceptions, which the  IT team must approve after evaluation.
• For third-party software or services when (Company Name) has limited control over patch deployment. Justification and documentation should accompany these exceptions. The IT team is responsible for approving exceptions.

Violations and Penalties

Non-compliance can have serious consequences, as it may expose the organization to security risks and operational disruptions. Violations of this policy may result in the following penalties:

• Employee violations: Any employee found to be in violation of this policy may be subject to disciplinary action, which can include verbal or written warnings, suspension, or termination of employment, as deemed appropriate by the Human Resources department and in accordance with the organization’s HR policies.
• Contractors and third-party vendors: Non-compliance by contractors or third-party vendors may lead to contract termination, financial penalties, or legal action as stipulated in contractual agreements.
• Legal implications: Non-compliance that results in security breaches or data loss may lead to legal action against the responsible party or parties.
• Financial penalties: Violations that result in financial losses to the organization may lead to financial penalties, restitution, or damages sought through legal means.

(Company Name) reserves the right to take appropriate action in response to policy violations, with penalties commensurate with the severity and impact of the violation.

Acknowledgment of Patch Management Policy

This form is used to acknowledge receipt of and compliance with the organization’s Patch Management Policy.

PROCEDURE

Complete the following steps:

1. Read the Patch Management Policy.
2. Sign and date in the spaces provided.
3. Submit the signed form to [Specify the appropriate department or contact] for record-keeping.

SIGNATURE

Your signature attests that you agree to the following terms:

I. I have received and read a copy of the Patch Management Policy and understand and agree to the same.

II. I understand the organization’s commitment to maintaining a secure and stable IT environment through this policy.

III. I will comply with the policy’s provisions and take responsibility for reporting vulnerabilities and adhering to security best practices.

IV. I acknowledge that non-compliance with the Patch Management Policy may result in disciplinary actions, as outlined in the policy.

DISCLAIMER:

This patch management policy serves as a resource and is not a replacement for legal counsel. If you have legal inquiries pertaining to this policy, we recommend consulting with your legal department or attorney.

5 Examples of Real Patch Management Policies

The following real patch management policy examples can give an idea of how you can modify our template or create one of your own. Each of these has unique components worth considering in developing your patch management policy:

1. Liaison International Patch Management Policy and Procedure

Liaison International’s patch management policy emphasizes maintaining network systems and data integrity through timely security updates. Its standout feature is its comprehensive process and guidelines, which include proper application and management of security updates.

It has a responsibility assignment section that clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of different teams within the organization, such as the IT Director, CFO, IT Security team, and QA/Dev Engineer. This ensures accountability and smooth execution of the policy. It also covers zero-day and emergency security patching.

2. University of Portland Patch Management Policy

The University of Portland Patch Management Policy covers all devices that the university owns and mandates the application of the latest security patches. It provides a schedule for patch application, which varies based on the severity and importance of the patches. The University requires testing of all patches before implementation, and any schedule deviations need documentation and approval.

The policy includes a procedure for deferring patches that cannot follow the schedule, where it requires a written explanation for the patch deferral. This confirms justification and documentation for all policy deviations. 

Furthermore, this policy integrates with the change management policy, requiring an authorized system administrator to log a change ticket when there’s an announcement about a patch. This procedure effectively tracks and manages all changes.

3. Action1 Patch Management Policy

The Action1 Patch Management Policy centralizes the process of discovering, testing, and distributing patches from a cloud console. It secures prompt deployment of all updates, patches, and hotfixes to remote endpoints, regardless of their location or network connectivity.

Key features of this policy include automated patch deployment, patch approval, and reboot options. Administrators can set approval procedures, allowing automatic deployment of critical patches without manual approval. Additionally, they can configure mandatory reboots and user notifications for computers that will restart.

This patch management policy also has a version history, allowing admins to track all changes made to the policy.

4. Salisbury University Patch Management Policy

This Salisbury University Patch Management Policy aims to prevent the exploitation of known vulnerabilities within the university’s IT infrastructure. It applies to all IT assets that the university owns and manages. It delivers a clear strategy for implementing patch management processes within the Salisbury University Information Technology (SUIT) department.

The policy calls for the submission of vulnerability scanning results against critical systems for internal audit for review each quarter. This supports regular monitoring and allows for immediate identification and remediation of any issues.

Moreover, it outlines detailed requirements for security patches, including a methodology for discovering and tracking SUIT managed assets, active monitoring of security sources for vulnerability announcements, patch and non-patch remediation, and emerging threats that correspond to the software within SUIT systems.

5. University of Reading Patch Management Policy

The components of the University of Reading Patch Management Policy work together to protect and update the university’s IT systems, reducing exposure to vulnerabilities.

This patch management policy streamlines centrally-managed patching, allowing for better control and coordination of the patch management process. It also mandates users to reboot their devices when prompted to do so, reaffirming effective patch applications and updated systems.

Moreover, the policy dictates that patch installation should occur within specific timeframes, depending on their severity rating by the vendor. For example, the Digital Technology Services (DTS) should apply patches rated as “Critical” within 7 days of their release, and those rated as “High” within 14 days.

The post Free Patch Management Policy Template (+Examples) appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

Your company can avoid conflicts and streamline operations with a well-defined patch management policy. It outlines the timing and methods for applying patches, directly preventing disruptions from improper patching practices.

Furthermore, by having a robust patch management policy, organizations can demonstrate their commitment to maintaining secure systems, which can be significant during audits.

What is a patch management policy?

Patch management policies are a set of documented guidelines to ensure controlled, efficient, and secure patching. Organizations follow these guidelines when patching bugs and vulnerabilities to maintain the security, stability, and performance of computer systems and networks.

Components of patch management policies

The specific details of a patch management policy can vary depending on your organization’s size and complexity and the nature of your IT infrastructure. However, a typical patch management policy includes asset inventory, role assignments, patch testing and deployment, risk assessment and prioritization, scheduling, documentation, backup, policy approval, rollback plan, and periodic review and modification.

Asset inventory

This entails maintaining a detailed list of all hardware and software assets used in your organization. It serves as a comprehensive catalog of your IT resources, including servers, computers, and applications.

Role assignments

This involves designating specific roles to team members involved in the patch management process. It defines who is responsible for tasks like identifying patches, testing them, deploying them, and monitoring their effectiveness. Clear roles ensure accountability and a smooth patch management workflow.

Patch testing and deployment

The core of patch management, this element covers identifying software with vulnerabilities, evaluating the patches available to fix these vulnerabilities, testing these patches in a controlled environment, deploying them across the organization, and verifying their successful installation.

Risk assessment and prioritization

Responsible patch management requires evaluating the risks associated with vulnerabilities that patches aim to address. This allows IT teams to prioritize patching efforts, focusing on vulnerabilities with the highest criticality and potential damage. By prioritizing, your organizations can deal with the most severe security issues first.

Scheduling

You’ll want to carefully schedule your patch applications and maintenance windows outside of normal business operating hours to minimize disruption to employee productivity or customer service. Make sure you trigger notifications to warn your users in advance of any planned or expected downtime.

Documentation

Maintain detailed records of all patching activities, including dates, details of patches, and any issues encountered by you or your end users. This should include recording the installed patches, the installation time, the systems updated with these patches, and any problems that occurred during the process.

Backup

Backing up refers to regularly preserving important data and system configurations. This is crucial to ensure data integrity and give a fallback option in case patching leads to unexpected problems.

Backups prevent data loss and offer a quick recovery to a stable system state. They support rollback procedures, facilitate patch testing, and serve as part of disaster recovery planning, ultimately reducing the risks associated with patch deployment.

Rollback plan

This section outlines the process and procedures for reverting or undoing a software patch or update in case it causes unforeseen issues or system instability. The main purpose of a rollback plan is to guarantee system reliability and reduce downtime or negative impact on your organization’s IT infrastructure by preparing for the worst.

Policy approval

After developing the policy, stakeholders and executives should circulate it for approval to confirm that everyone understands its implications and is on board.

Periodic review and modification

Once it’s all been codified and confirmed, keep regularly reviewing and updating your patch management policy. Technology evolves, and so do security threats. Periodic review and modification ensure that the policy remains effective and adapts to changing needs and circumstances within your organization.

How to create a patch management policy

Creating a patch management policy commonly involves defining scope and objectives, identifying responsible parties, building an inventory and assessing vulnerability, setting criteria for prioritizing patches, testing and deployment, selecting a patch deployment schedule, and monitoring and generating reports.

1. Define the scope and objectives

Begin by defining the scope of your patch management policy clearly. Decide which systems and software you will cover, including operating systems, applications, and devices. Also, set the objectives of the policy. These objectives will aid in maintaining the security and reliability of your systems.

2. Identify responsible parties

Determine who will be responsible for various aspects of patch management, such as patch testing, deployment, and monitoring. This may involve IT administrators, security teams, and other relevant personnel.

3. Build an inventory and assess vulnerability

Create an inventory of all the hardware and software assets in your organization. Perform regular vulnerability assessments to uncover security weaknesses and prioritize which systems or applications require immediate attention. Tools like vulnerability scanners can assist in this process.

4. Set criteria for prioritizing patches

Establish a clear criteria and methodology for prioritizing patches. You should consider factors such as the severity of the vulnerability, the potential impact on your organization’s network security, and any regulatory or compliance requirements. Address serious vulnerabilities as a top priority.

5. Testing and deployment

Build a structured process to test patches before you deploy them in your production environment. Set up a staging or test environment to evaluate patches for compatibility and potential issues. Deploy patches to the live systems only after successful testing and use automated deployment tools to make the process more efficient.

6. Establish a patch deployment schedule

Establish a patch deployment schedule that aligns with your organization’s needs. This could include regular maintenance windows or maintenance cycles. Make sure to have procedures ready for managing emergency patches, particularly for vulnerabilities that require prompt resolution.

7. Monitor and generate reports

Implement continuous monitoring to keep an eye on missing patches, system health, and security events. Create a reporting mechanism for regular updates on the status of patch management to relevant stakeholders. Use information from these reports to adjust your patch management policy as needed.

Tips and best practices when creating a patch management policy

There are several things to keep in mind when creating a patch management policy, like understanding the impact of patch updates, establishing clear protocols, creating an inventory, conducting a risk assessment, enabling automatic updates, performing regular reviews, creating an enterprise strategy, and measuring the policy’s success.

Understand the impact of patch updates

It’s vital to comprehend how patch updates will affect the reliability of various products, services, and systems. This understanding can help in planning and executing the patching process in a way that decreases disruption and maximizes efficacy.

Establish clear protocols

Clear protocols provide a roadmap for security teams and IT admins to follow before approving a patch for deployment across all systems. These protocols should cover risk assessment, testing, validation, and change management, optimizing management of every aspect of the patch management process.

Create an inventory

Build an up-to-date inventory of all hardware and software assets within your organization. This includes servers, workstations, laptops, mobile devices, and applications. Outline procedures for identifying, categorizing, and prioritizing systems to prevent overlooking any resource during the patching process.

Conduct a risk assessment

By conducting a rigorous risk assessment, you can make informed decisions about which vulnerabilities to address first. You can evaluate the potential damage of vulnerabilities and the likelihood of exploitation and direct your management efforts toward the most critical areas of concern.

Enable automatic updates

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) recommends enabling automatic updates whenever possible. This allows your organization to keep systems up-to-date without manual intervention. Fortunately, most leading patch management software solutions come with automatic patching features.

Perform regular reviews

Regularly reviewing your policy ensures that it still meets the evolving organizational needs, changes in technology, and emerging threats. This helps in maintaining the effectiveness of the policy over time.

Create an enterprise strategy

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommends creating an enterprise strategy that simplifies and operationalizes patching while also improving its risk reduction capabilities. It should encompass collaboration between leadership at all levels of an organization, along with business owners and security/technology management teams. Collaborating helps every individual grasp the role of patching and actively contribute to preserving the organization’s security.

Measure success of the policy

Finally, gauge the success of the policy with metrics to evaluate how well your patch management policy is working in your organization. Here are some of the metrics you can use:

• Key performance indicators (KPIs): Establishing KPIs for your patch management program is the best way to evaluate its success. These could include historical data on the average time it takes to apply a patch and historical data on unpatched vulnerabilities.
• Patch compliance rate: This metric gauges how well an organization adheres to its own patch management policies and requirements. It can help identify areas where you can refine the patching process.
• Time to patch: This important metric measures the average time it takes to apply a patch after its release. A shorter time to patch generally indicates a more efficient patch management process.
• Patch management solution coverage: This measures what proportion of the organization’s devices the current patch management solutions cover.
• Efficiency measures: These measures cover information on patch compliance, failed patches, and similar data.

8 benefits of patch management policies

Despite the upfront work involved, developing a comprehensive patch management policy can provide a bevy of benefits to your organization, ranging from better documentation and accountability to improved system performance — not to mention, of course, all of the security benefits.

1. Promotes accountability: A patch management policy clearly defines the roles and responsibilities of each team member relevant to the patching process. This promotes accountability and guarantees that everyone knows their role in maintaining the security of the organization.
2. Documented processes and expectations: A well-documented patch management policy presents guidelines on how to handle patches. Both new and existing employees can easily understand their expectations, promoting consistency in the patching process.
3. Minimizes exposure to cyberattacks: A good patch management policy reduces your organization’s vulnerability to cyberattacks. By updating all systems with the latest security patches, it decreases the chances of a breach.
4. Reduces business downtime: A good patch management policy can also help in minimizing business downtime caused by improper patching practices. By outlining procedures for testing and deploying patches, it supports correct and efficient patch application, thereby reducing the likelihood of system downtime.
5. Increases security: A well-established patch management policy can bolster the overall security of an organization by  fixing security vulnerabilities promptly. By applying patches swiftly, the policy addresses known vulnerabilities in software that attackers might take advantage of. This reduces the risk of unauthorized access to business systems and data.
6. Maintains compliance: Many industry regulations require businesses to have certain security measures in place, including regular systems patching. Therefore, having a comprehensive patch management policy can help an organization stay compliant with these regulations.
7. Improves efficiency and functionality: Patch management policies can also contribute to better system performance and efficiency because patches often include enhancements to the actual functionality of a system.
8. Standardizes patching process: A well-defined patch management policy standardizes the patching process across the organization. As a result, all technicians follow the same procedures when applying patches, leading to more consistent results and easier troubleshooting.

Bottom line: Boost security with an effective patch management policy

A well-structured patch management policy helps organizations address vulnerabilities, bolster security, and maintain operational stability. It can also aid in ensuring compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements, instill confidence among stakeholders, and offer adaptability to changing security environments.

In creating your patch management policy, there are many things to consider, including understanding the results of patch updates, establishing clear protocols, activating automatic updates, creating an enterprise strategy, and measuring the policy’s success. Following best practices in crafting your patch management policy will boost its effectiveness.

To get started, you can create your own, or use our free patch management policy template. Also, be sure to review our list of the best patch management software.

The post How to Create a Patch Management Policy: Complete Guide appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

Fortunately, a solution is available in the form of automated patch management, which uses various tools and techniques to streamline the patching process at scale. This article will guide you through the basics of setting up automated patch management in your organization, as well as explaining how it works, its benefits and challenges, and providing a few recommended solutions to help you get started.

What is automatic patching?

Automatic patching is an IT management practice that employs specialized software tools to streamline the detection, download, testing, and deployment of updates and patches to software, operating systems, and other system vulnerabilities. It primarily aims to enhance system security by addressing known vulnerabilities as soon as they are discovered.

Automatic patching reduces the workload on IT teams by eliminating the need for manual tracking and deployment of software patches and updates.

Automatic vs. manual patching

Automatic patching involves the use of automated tools and processes to deploy updates and security patches. Manual patching, on the other hand, requires human intervention to initiate, download, and install software updates and patches.

The following table compares automatic and manual patching:

How automated patch management works

When you deploy an automated patch management tool, the initial step is usually to scan the target environment for systems and applications that require updates and then deploy updates automatically, either when they become available or at predetermined rules or schedules.

Let’s consider an organization that uses an automated patch management system for its network of computers. The system, at predetermined intervals, scans all the computers in the network to identify outdated or vulnerable software.

When a critical security patch becomes available from a trusted source, the patch management system automatically downloads it and tests it on some of the computers to be sure the new updates don’t wreak havoc on any applications.

If the testing goes well, the patch is deployed across all the computers in the network during a maintenance window, usually set by the organization’s IT or system administrators for a time outside of normal business hours.

How to automate patching for your network

In order to automate patch management at your organization, you’ll need to select an effective tool, configure its settings, establish redundancies, audit and report on results, and continuously monitor your processes.

1. Select an automated patch management tool

The first step is, of course, to choose the automated patch management tool you want to go with for your devices. There are a few choices to get you started at the bottom of this article, or you can read our complete guide to the best patch management solutions for more advice on how to make the right selection for your particular use case.

2. Configure your settings

Once you’ve set up your patch management tool, it’s time to determine the settings that will guide your automations. These include:

• Patch sources: Indicate the sources you will want to receive patches from, including your operating systems, software, apps, and hardware. Ensure thorough scanning for missing patches and updates, as certain software vendors may not offer easily accessible patch information for automated tools. If needed, manually visit the vendor’s website to verify patch availability.
• Scan schedule: Determine how often you want the tool to scan the network for new patches for each of your software and hardware groups, and schedule the scans accordingly.
• Test groups: Name a few particular devices of each type to test each patch before deploying to the rest of the organization. This step is vital because patching can sometimes introduce compatibility issues with existing software. Test the patches in a safe environment (i.e., isolated systems) to ensure it is compatible with your current network setup.
• Maintenance windows: Decide what time patches will be deployed in order to minimize any disruptions or downtime.
• Prioritization levels: Assess system criticality and importance before patch deployment. Prioritize based on business needs and have a rollback plan ready in case of unexpected issues.

3. Establish redundancy and failover systems

Implement redundancy and failover for critical systems to provide backup in case of patching issues. This allows continuous operation of the software during problem resolution.

Although your test groups should catch any issues before they make it to this stage, delayed onset of failures and vulnerabilities is always possible — and in any case, when it comes to your data you can never be too careful.

4. Audit and report statuses and results

Automation can save your team a ton of time and effort, but it’s still not a fix-it-and-forget-it process. You’ll need to maintain detailed records of the patch management process, including patch type, application dates, and targeted systems. These reports aid in compliance and troubleshooting patch-related problems.

Many patch management solutions will create this documentation for you, but it’s still important to double-check it manually after each deployment to ensure all relevant information is present and accurate.

5. Monitor processes continually

Finally, you’ll want to keep an eye on all your automated patches, your settings, and those audits and reports that you’re keeping. If anything seems out of the ordinary, investigate immediately and thoroughly. Even if things seem to be going smoothly, regularly look for opportunities to tweak and streamline your settings for improved performance as you go.

Benefits of automating patch management

Automating patch management offers various benefits for organizations seeking to enhance their system security, from improved security and maintenance to reduced costs and response times.

• Enhanced security posture: Delayed vulnerability patching increases the risk of cyberattack. Automating patch management enhances an organization’s overall network security by reducing the risk of security breaches and data loss due to outdated systems.
• Simplified network maintenance: Automated patch management simplifies what can be an extremely complex and time-consuming network management task. This not only eases the administrative burden but also minimizes the chances of human error.
• Quick response to emerging threats: Automated patch management systems can promptly detect and deploy patches as they become available. This agility empowers organizations to quickly counter emerging cyberthreats and stay ahead of the evolving cybersecurity environment.
• Cost efficiency: Automating patch management cuts costs by reducing manual work and potential security incident expenses, not to mention the reputational hit from a data breach.

Common issues when automating patching

While the benefits of automating patch management are plentiful, there are some challenges that can’t be overlooked, including compatibility issues, bandwidth use, 

• Compatibility issues: Patches can sometimes conflict with existing software configurations and lead to system instability. Companies should invest in patch management solutions that offer comprehensive compatibility testing and provide detailed reports on potential conflicts.
• Bandwidth and network impact: When running patch scans, downloads, and deployment automatically across many systems, it can strain network bandwidth and cause disruptions. This can slow down essential business operations and impact user experience, unless you are careful to schedule these processes for off-hours.
• Security tool integration: Integrating patch management software with existing security tools involves complex configurations and compatibility between different security tools. As a result, organizations may face difficulties aligning these processes with their broader security strategies.
• Dealing with legacy systems: Some organizations still rely on their old, legacy systems and applications. Automating security patches on these systems can be challenging, as vendors often discontinue support for older software.

Who should automate patch management?

Automating patch management is recommended for organizations of all sizes and across various industries. It helps maintain IT systems’ security, stability, and compliance and reduces the risk of data breaches and cyberattacks.

However, the specific tools and processes for patch management may vary depending on the organization’s size, industry, and regulatory requirements. The larger and more complex the organization, the more critical an effective automated patch management system becomes.

Top 3 automated patch management solutions

There are many automated patch management solutions in the market today. Here are a few of our top picks.

Atera

Atera is a cloud-based platform for IT management. It offers automation, custom scripting, ticketing, reporting, and patch management. It supports various software like Chrome and Microsoft Office. Administrators can create automation profiles and generate detailed patching reports.

Plans start at $149/mo. for an individual Professional plan and go up from there.

NinjaOne

NinjaOne is a software management and remote monitoring platform. It supports patching for Windows, macOS, Linux, servers, virtual machines and networking devices. It works on and off the network, automating patch processes. Admins can approve, schedule, and customize patch deployments with real-time visibility and reporting.

Subscription fees are monthly per device, customizable upon inquiry.

SolarWinds Patch Manager

SolarWinds patch manager automates patch management for application software. It extends Microsoft WSUS and Endpoint Manager, automating patching with prebuilt update packages. Admins have precise control and can target systems by criteria, schedule, and define pre-/post-patch actions. It offers a centralized web interface for custom reports.

Licensing options depend on managed endpoints, with both subscription and perpetual choices available, starting at $2,187/yr. and $4,357, respectively.

Bottom line: Automated patch management

Effective patch management is a crucial element of contemporary cybersecurity. It allows organizations to rapidly address known software vulnerabilities with a minimum of investment and downtime. Automatic patching, in particular, plays a vital role in streamlining this process as it limits the need for manual input in the patch management process, which, by extension, reduces the chances of human error.

Though setting up an automated patch management solution can seem daunting, the steps in this guide will help you get started — and the effort will pay dividends down the line.

For more tips on automating patch management at your organization, see our guide to the best patch management solutions and how to select between them.

The post How to Implement Automated Patch Management in 5 Steps appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

Software vendors develop and distribute patches to address a variety of issues in their software. These issues can range from minor bugs that affect the software’s functionality to major security vulnerabilities. Attackers could exploit these vulnerabilities, posing a significant risk. In applying these patches, your organization actively enhances your protection against such vulnerabilities, reducing the risk of a cyberattack.

Patch management serves as a proactive defense mechanism against known vulnerabilities. It empowers organizations to reduce the risk of security breaches, data theft, and system compromise.

Patch management process explained

While patch management varies from business to business, the general process consists of inventory and assessment, patch identification, risk prioritization, testing, deployment, monitoring and validation, documentation and reporting, and lifecycle management.

1. Inventory and assessment

The first step in the patch management process involves creating an inventory of all the software, hardware, and systems within your organization to clearly understand what you need to patch and secure. Simultaneously, you must assess these systems for vulnerabilities by conducting regular scans using automated tools or services. This initial step sets the foundation for effective patch management.

2. Patch identification

The next step is to identify the specific patches necessary to address the discovered vulnerabilities. This may entail closely monitoring sources like security mailing lists, vendor websites, and other reliable channels to stay informed about available patches. Your goal is to gather the updated patches from vendors, open-source communities, or patch-management-as-a-service providers.

3. Risk prioritization

Vulnerabilities don’t all carry the same level of significance, and some may pose a more substantial threat to your organization than others. In this step, prioritize the patches based on the severity of the vulnerabilities. It ensures addressing the most serious issues promptly, reducing the risk of exploitation by potential attackers.

4. Testing

Before deploying patches to your production environment, make sure you test them thoroughly. Establish a controlled, non-production environment, often referred to as a sandbox or test server, where you can apply the patches to determine if they cause any issues or conflicts with existing software or configurations. Successful testing helps mitigate the risk of disrupting your live systems.

5. Deployment

After thoroughly testing and validating patches in the controlled environment, it’s time to deploy them to your production systems. Manual deployment is possible for smaller environments, but automated patch management tools are often more ideal for larger, more complex systems for efficient and uniform distribution.

6. Monitoring and validation

Continuous monitoring is a vital step in successful patch application. Following deployment, monitor your systems for any irregularities, performance issues, or unintended consequences that may arise as a result of patching. Validation helps confirm that your systems remain secure and stable.

7. Documentation and reporting

Maintain accurate and comprehensive records of all patch management activities, including specific patches applied, when they were applied, and any issues encountered during the process. Generate compliance reports to track progress and alignment with industry regulations and internal policies.

8. Lifecycle management

The patch management process is not a one-time event but an ongoing, evolving effort. Regularly review and update your patch management process as new vulnerabilities and patches become available. This step also involves retiring unsupported software and replacing it with more secure alternatives. Educating your employees and users about the importance of promptly installing updates to maintain a secure and resilient IT environment is also part of lifecycle management.

Patch management security benefits

Patch management comes with many benefits, including reduced attack surface, malware spread prevention, automated security fixes, vulnerability mitigation, enhanced cyberattack resistance, data protection and network security, business continuity, and regulatory compliance.

1. Reduced attack surface

Patch management helps diminish the number of potential entry points or attack surfaces that a hacker could exploit. By regularly updating and patching software, you can fix known vulnerabilities, making it harder for hackers to gain unauthorized access. This applies to both proprietary and open source patch management solutions.

2. Malware spread prevention

Many types of malware take advantage of software vulnerabilities to infect systems and spread across networks. Regular patching can fix these vulnerabilities, making it much harder for malware to take hold and propagate.

3. Automated security fixes

Manual patching can be time-consuming and error-prone. Automated patch management reaffirms consistent and prompt patch application, decreasing the risk of human error. It implements security fixes as soon as they’re available, keeping systems secure.

4. Vulnerability mitigation

By applying patches as soon as possible, you close security gaps that could be vulnerable to attackers. Without this proactive approach from patch management, these vulnerabilities remain open doors for potential cyberattacks.

5. Improved resistance to cyberattacks

Timely patching makes it more challenging for cybercriminals to infiltrate your systems. By eliminating known vulnerabilities, you minimize the attack surface, making it harder for malicious actors to breach security protocols.

6. Data protection and network security

Securing a network and protecting sensitive data are fundamentally dependent on patch management. Without an effective patch management process, the likelihood of data breaches increases, which could lead to costly legal and reputational consequences.

7. Business continuity

Everything from bugs and errors to security breaches and cyberattacks can disrupt business operations, resulting in downtime and financial losses. Patch management helps maintain business continuity by making sure that your systems remain functional, available, and reliable, even when facing security threats.

8. Regulatory compliance

Many industries and regulatory bodies impose requirements on organizations to maintain compliant and secure networks. Patch management ensures adherence to these regulations. Non-compliance can lead to penalties and legal consequences.

7 patch management challenges for security teams

Security teams face some challenges in patch management, like patch prioritization, diverse systems and applications, legacy systems, user education and compliance, patch rollbacks, ongoing monitoring, and remote work.

1. Patch prioritization

With the rapid increase in IT vulnerabilities, security teams must decide which patches to apply first. This decision mostly depends on the severity of the vulnerability, the cruciality of the system, and the potential impact of the patch.

Accurately assessing these factors, fully understanding what patch management is, and making informed decisions requires expertise and resources. Furthermore, teams must balance the urgency of patching with the need to maintain system stability and avoid disruptions.

2. Diverse systems and applications

Organizations typically use a wide range of operating systems and third-party applications, complicating the process of managing and implementing patches, especially when it comes to Linux patch management.

Linux systems have distinct requirements and processes for patch management, which can be different from other operating systems like Windows or macOS. Ensuring that all systems receive the required patches is important for comprehensive security.

3. Legacy systems

Legacy systems frequently operate on outdated software, which heightens the risk of cyberattacks. These systems may also host major business applications, making updates or replacements costly and sometimes nearly impossible. The lack of vendor support for these systems means new patches may not be available.

In addition, organizations might not even be aware of the presence of these systems, complicating their management and patching processes.

4. User education and compliance

Educating users about the seriousness of timely patch installation is paramount, but often difficult due to a lack of understanding or awareness about cybersecurity risks. Users may also neglect or delay installing patches, which can leave systems vulnerable.

On the compliance side, verifying that all users adhere to patch management policies is a daunting task, especially in large organizations or those with remote or non-technical employees. Consistent communication and training are usually necessary.

5. Patch rollbacks

Sometimes, a newly applied patch may cause system instability or conflicts with other software. In such cases, security teams need to roll back or reverse the patch, which can be a complex process.

This requires having robust backups and procedures in place for reversing patches and upgrades. Moreover, the need to make sure that the rollback doesn’t affect system functionality or user experience adds to the complexity.

6. Ongoing monitoring

After assessing risks, testing, and performing vulnerability patching, continuous monitoring is necessary. You need visibility into any unpatched devices and ongoing protection from a vulnerable device. The steady influx of new patches and the need to keep an eye on a variety of devices and applications make this a challenging task.

7. Remote work

The increase in remote work means that many systems only connect to a domain occasionally. It can be difficult to check if the devices brought by employees or contractors receive patches before they access the organization’s resources.

How to implement patch management in 7 steps

Implementing patch management involves setting up inventory, creating a patch management policy, setting up testing environment, developing a deployment strategy, user education and training, compliance and auditing, and optimization.

1. Set up inventory and infrastructure

First and foremost, your organization needs to create a comprehensive inventory of all software and systems in use. This includes desktops, servers, applications, and any other devices or platforms. You must also establish the required infrastructure to support your patch management efforts. This might involve acquiring the necessary hardware, software tools, and resources for effective patch management.

2. Create a patch management policy

A well-defined patch management policy is a prerequisite for clear guidelines and governance. Your organization should develop a detailed policy that outlines what patch management is in cybersecurity and how you will execute patch management.

This policy typically includes procedures for patch testing, deployment, and rollback. It should also define roles and responsibilities within your organization, specifying who is responsible for different aspects of the patch management process.

This way, everyone involved understands their roles and responsibilities, contributing to a more organized and efficient patch management process.

3. Testing environment setup

Creating a controlled testing environment or sandbox is indispensable for safely testing patches before deployment to production systems. This environment should mirror your production setup as closely as possible. It allows your team to assess how patches may affect your actual systems without risking disruptions or unexpected issues.

4. Build deployment strategy

A clear deployment strategy, clearly aligned with patch management best practices, defines the application of patches to production systems. Consider factors such as the organization’s size and complexity and the criticality of patches when determining your deployment strategy.

It’s also imperative to select the best patch management software for your organization to facilitate smooth and secure patch distribution.

5. User education and training

Educating end users and employees about the patch management process and its significance is another key component of successful implementation. Clear communication and training programs should be set to inform users about the significance of prompt updates and compliance with patch management policies.

6. Compliance and auditing

Careful examination of applicable regulations and the development of strategies to meet compliance criteria is a mandatory step. By preparing for audits and assessments, your organization can demonstrate its commitment to adhering to industry standards, potentially reducing the risk of penalties for non-compliance.

7. Optimization

Ongoing enhancement is the key to the long-term success of patch management. Evaluate the process and identify areas for improvement after each patch cycle. Fine-tuning your process could entail optimizing procedures and streamlining workflows. This guarantees that your organization’s patch management practices remain functional and evolve with changing security requirements and technologies.

Patch management vs. vulnerability management

While patch management and vulnerability management both pertain to computer or network security, they serve distinct purposes. Below is a comparison chart with an overview of how they differ in focus, objective, responsibilities, lifecycle, user involvement, compliance, dependency, frequency, and scope:

Top 3 patch management software

There are many reputable patch management software providers with advanced capabilities and integrated functionalities that can help your organization streamline the patching process. Here are some of the best patch management software solutions in 2023:

Automox

Automox is a well-regarded IT automation platform that excels in patch management, securing, and updating Windows, macOS, and Linux endpoints. It stands out for its ability to automate the process of scanning and cataloging devices within a unified platform.

This solution is user-friendly with a quick start-up time. It also supports multiple platforms, simplifying patching and software deployment tasks. As a cloud-based solution, it enforces OS and third-party patches along with security configurations globally.

However, Automox has some areas for improvement, including issues with time syncing between the server reports and the Automox console. Furthermore, the software doesn’t always always follow patching schedules.

ManageEngine Patch Manager Plus

ManageEngine Patch Manager Plus automatically deploys patches for Windows, macOS, and Linux endpoints and over 950 third-party applications. The software scans endpoints to find missing patches, tests them before deployment, automates deployment, and comes with in-depth auditing features for better visibility and control.

One of the key strengths of ManageEngine Patch Manager Plus is its scalability. It also has a remote push feature that manages multiple main and subsites. It covers nearly all end devices, simplifying monitoring the hardware status of devices.

However, there are some areas where it could improve. It offers limited customization options and has a complex agent deployment process.

Atera

Atera is an all-in-one IT management platform that delivers a wide range of features, including patch management. It provides IT professionals with access, visibility, and control over their networks and devices from anywhere.

This patch management solution brings real-time monitoring and automated patch management. It also displays information in a visual chart format for both servers and desktops, showing agents that are up-to-date and those that are not, as well as the number of missing patches in each agent.

Strengths of Atera include its one-stop-shop feature set, remote access, and intuitive ticketing management. It also integrates with third-party apps like Ninite Pro, IT Glue, and QuickBooks Online to expand its support features.

But just like other patch management software, Atera has some weaknesses, like having compatibility issues with some versions of Windows and Linux. It also gives limited control over the patching process.

Bottom line: Patch management explained

Patch management can be a complex and time-consuming process, but it can help keep your organization’s IT infrastructure secure. It is not just about closing security gaps; it’s about maintaining a strong overall defense against evolving cyberthreats.

Patch management comes with some challenges that security teams need to address too, like patch prioritization, diverse systems and applications, legacy systems, and remote work. To overcome these, you must develop a solid patch management strategy that includes everything from clear prioritization and diverse system support, to isolating legacy systems and adapting to remote work needs.

Fortunately, there are a number of patch management tools and resources you can use to aid with effective patch management, including automated patch management systems and network vulnerability scanning tools.

Patch management is not just a one-time task; it’s an ongoing commitment to reducing risks and proactively addressing security threats.

Selecting a reliable patch management software solution is as important as understanding the patch management process. Browse our analysis of the best patch management software solutions to learn more.

The post What Is Patch Management? Everything You Need to Know appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

• The first key takeaway revolves around proactive behavior. Security executives can only protect their enterprises if they actively address these issues as soon as possible. Early strategization and intervention are vital.
• The second key takeaway involves technological investment. Since cybercriminals will take full advantage of breakthrough tools like artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT), IT professionals must also not hesitate to adopt them. 

Here are the most substantial network security trends enterprises will face as they head into 2024.

1. Greater IoT vulnerabilities 

As the IoT grows substantially, experts project tens of billions of connected devices will come online in the near future. It has remained one of the top network security trends of 2023 and shows no signs of slowing down as we head into 2024.

Although the growth of connected devices may open up many doors for your organization, you should know the potential downsides. Over 5.85 million IoT attacks occurred in December 2021 — the number increased to 10.54 million by the same time the following year. Since these incidents nearly doubled in such a short span, the trend will likely continue into 2024.

IoT devices have infamous security weaknesses and create a much broader attack surface, which spells trouble for even the most secure enterprises. If you plan to adopt more in 2024, you must protect against larger botnets, new vulnerabilities and more distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.

2. Ransomware attack damage keeps growing

The number of ransomware attacks has steadily increased in past years, making it a chief concern for many chief information officers. Cybercriminals adopted new intrusion, encryption, and theft techniques in 2023, and it remains one of the top network security trends heading into 2024.

Ransomware attacks happen once every two seconds on average, which experts estimate will cause $71.5 billion in global losses by 2026. If you don’t strategize accordingly, your organization will face noncompliance fines, data corruption, and costly downtime.

Even though ransomware has been around for ages, you shouldn’t underestimate it — technological advances like AI have made it easier for cybercriminals to launch this kind of cyberattack. As a result, promptly addressing this trend is vital for keeping your organization secure.

3. Prolonged skills shortage

IT teams have long dealt with an industrywide labor shortage. Unsurprisingly, it seems this trend will continue into 2024. One study revealed around 95% of cybersecurity professionals believe their industry’s skill scarcity has remained a pain point in past years.

The same study found that 44% of professionals feel confident that the lack of skill has only worsened. Frankly, they’re not wrong — as scarcity-driven issues drive IT professionals to different industries and older workers retire, the gap grows.

Since many IT teams have dealt with high workloads for years, you don’t have to imagine how it impacts cybersecurity. A lack of skilled workers leads to critical gaps and human error, resulting in more successful attacks. Heading into 2024, cybersecurity incidents caused by the labor shortage remain among the top network security trends.

4. Cybersecurity fatigue uptick

Notably, 2023 was an exceptional year for rapid technological advancement. Unfortunately, while every new development brought benefits, they also caused frustration. Growing security tech stacks containing tools like multifactor authentication (MFA) and zero trust access controls put more pressure on teams to evolve at an unsustainable pace.

Most IT professionals have seen how this fatigue has impacted their enterprise. In fact, 51% of cybersecurity decision-makers believe high alert volumes consistently overwhelm their teams. Since workers spend too much time unintentionally chasing false positives, they miss critical notifications and lose motivation.

When an IT team abandons crucial tools because they feel overburdened, their organization’s network security weakens substantially. However, workers often feel they have no other choice because they can’t learn and manage each new technology at the rate it advances.

Since the industrywide skill shortage remains one of the more pressing network security trends, it should come as no surprise that cybersecurity fatigue also stands out. Consistently overwhelming workloads and the ever-evolving nature of cybersecurity should be one of your chief concerns as you head into the new year. A robust defensive strategy against these problems is crucial.

5. Widespread generative AI use

AI took the world by storm in 2023. Generative models stood out as one of the top trending technologies. Nearly 55% of organizations already utilize it to some extent because of its versatility and power. Further, 18.2% plan to invest more in it in 2024.

You’d be right to assume the widespread adoption of this technology is inevitable. After all, it offers automation and insights. Proper implementation will strengthen your network security and support your team as they deal with increasing volumes of cybersecurity incidents.

Positives aside, generative AI has also become a valuable tool for cybercriminals. It aids them in social engineering attacks, helping them tell convincing narratives and pose as real people. This trend was firm in 2023, so it stands to reason that 2024 will be no different.

As you head into 2024, a defense against these kinds of attacks and scams is paramount. Although AI makes an incredibly powerful ally, it also offers threat actors the same advantages. Navigating this trend is of the utmost importance if you want to maintain network security in the new year.

6. Remote work security gaps

Although the remote work trend primarily began years ago in response to COVID-19, it has shown no signs of slowing down. Many IT professionals discovered they could do their jobs just as effectively from the comfort of their own homes. Unfortunately, security protocols haven’t kept pace alongside them.

People who work from home have little oversight. As a result, they are often unintentionally lax with security protocols, raising the chance of a cyberattack. Around 95% of cybersecurity incidents are caused by human error. Even if you have faith in your team, something as small as an unsecured smart device could become an entry point for cybercriminals.

Since remote work has embedded itself as an industry staple, it must be one of the top network security trends leaders face in the months ahead. They must strategize to adequately address potential gaps.

7. Third-party attacks

Third-party attacks are one of the most pressing network security trends — even if (or because) many organizations are oblivious to the danger. One study discovered nearly 50% of organizations experienced a cybersecurity incident in 2022 because of their vendors.

Moreover, the same study found that 48% of organizations are unaware of their vendors’ levels of network access. Because they work with many third parties simultaneously, their overly complex relationships become difficult to navigate and regulate.

Whether IT professionals use vendors for cloud computing or data analytics, they operate on trust. Unfortunately, one of the latest industry trends revolves around a lack of third-party compliance. Poor oversight leads to critical security gaps, substantially raising the chance of network intrusions and cyberattacks.

Bottom line: Stay ahead of network security trends — or fall behind

The above network security trends will substantially impact IT departments across nearly all industries heading into 2024. Fortunately, your awareness of them gives your enterprise a crucial advantage. Identifying their role in your team and strategizing accordingly will help you stay one step ahead of threat actors.

Get more information on some of the top network security trends of 2024:

• Understand IoT security — and the best IoT security companies.
• Your complete guide to ransomware defense — and the best protection and recovery tools.
• Get started on AI-based network automation.
• Secure your remote workers with these tips and tools.

The post Top 7 Network Security Trends Heading into 2024 appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

This article will explain how encryption works, its benefits, and how to know if DNS encryption is configured on your browser and computing devices.

The evolution of DNS encryption

In the nascent days of the internet when it was referred to as Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), address translation was achieved via a simple text file known as HOSTS.TXT. However, with the rapid growth of the internet, it quickly became apparent to researchers that the addressing system was finite. This scenario led to the birth of the modern DNS in 1983.

Initially, DNS was not built with network security in mind. And there is good reason for this — after all, there was no e-commerce, online banking, or pervasive data theft like we have today. Its original design was simply meant to address the problem of address scalability. 

However, upon the realization of the internet’s potential and the dangers an insecure DNS posed, computer scientists scrambled to find a solution. The result was multiple standards and practices, the DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions), being retrofitted into the system to make it more secure.

Almost four decades after the invention of the DNS, two DNS encryption protocols were developed: DNS over TLS (DoT) and DNS over HTTPS (DoH).

How DNS encryption works: 2 different types

DNS encryption works by converting plain text DNS information into an encrypted version that only two parties engaged in the exchange of data — the DNS client (i.e., your browser or network devices) and the DNS resolver — can decipher.

DNS over TLS (DoT)

DoT is a security protocol created in 2016 to encrypt and protect DNS queries and responses using the Transport Layer Security (TLS) channel that secures HTTPS websites.

In this type of DNS encryption, the DNS resolver server authenticates itself to the client device through a certificate ensuring that no third party can impersonate the server. This authentication process guarantees the integrity and confidentiality of DNS traffic.

The main purpose of DoT is to enhance user privacy and security by preventing man-in-the-middle attacks, which could compromise or eavesdrop on DNS traffic. DoT operates over what is known as the  user datagram protocol (UDP). It adds a layer of TLS encryption to secure DNS queries. The typical port for DoT is port 853.

While DoT provides security features, it’s important to note its potential limitations in jurisdictions with restricted freedom of speech. Enabling DoT encryption may inadvertently attract attention from authorities. Thus, it might not offer the intended protections against hostile or authoritarian regimes. Despite these considerations, supporters of the DoT protocol argue that it is better suited for addressing human rights concerns in challenging environments.

DNS over HTTPS (DoH)

Introduced in 2018, DoH is another protocol designed to make DNS queries more secure. Unlike DoT, DoH utilizes port 443 for HTTPS connections. It allows DoH clients and resolvers to connect to a DoH server that hosts a query endpoint.

Similar to DoT, DoH also relies on TLS for encryption. However, since it operates over HTTPS it seamlessly integrates with existing web infrastructure. This makes it less noticeable and potentially harder to block or filter in restricted environments.

Top risks of unencrypted DNS

To understand the importance of DNS encryption, it can help to examine the top risks of unencrypted DNS. Some of the original security threats identified by the Internet Engineering Task Force include:

• Packet interception: Because DNS queries and responses are often transmitted without encryption in text, unauthorized individuals can easily intercept data packets, thus giving attackers the ability to eavesdrop on the network and capture information. This includes the domain names being accessed, which can provide insights into user behavior or corporate activities.
• ID guessing and query prediction: DNS uses transaction IDs to match queries with their corresponding responses. In an insecure configuration, attackers can attempt to guess the transaction ID of a DNS query and, if successful, they can then send a response that redirects users to a malicious website.
• Name chaining: This tactic involves attackers querying for domain names under their control but appending the target domain as a suffix. The DNS resolver caches this information. When a genuine user subsequently queries the target domain the resolver mistakenly returns the attacker’s IP address instead, redirecting the user there without their knowledge.
• Trusted server betrayal: In this scenario, attackers gain control over a DNS server that is trusted by the targeted network. DNS resolvers inherently trust responses from these servers, which means that if any malicious data is sent it will be accepted and stored in the cache. This can lead to types of attacks such as cache poisoning or data theft.
• Denial of service (DoS): DNS servers are infrastructure components. An attacker can overwhelm a DNS server with a high number of queries, causing it to become unable to process legitimate requests. The result is that the ability to resolve domain names is disrupted, effectively making web services unavailable.
• Authenticated denial of domain names: This type of attack is more advanced, as the attacker not only floods the DNS server but also utilizes different authentication mechanisms to make it appear legitimate. Mitigating this attack is more challenging because it is extremely difficult to distinguish between legitimate queries.
• Wildcards: In DNS, wildcards are used to handle subdomains that have not been explicitly defined. An attacker can exploit this by injecting wildcard entries into a DNS server. When a user queries for an undefined subdomain, they are directed to the IP address specified in the malicious wildcard entry.

Other, more contemporary risks include:

• Cache poisoning: In these attacks, an attacker can manipulate the DNS resolver cache by inserting an unauthorized DNS entry. Consequently, users may unknowingly be redirected to other websites they had not actually visited.
• DNS amplification attacks: The lack of encryption in DNS opens the door for attackers to forge the source IP address in a DNS query. By doing so they can send a large volume of responses to a target IP address, intensifying the attack and overwhelming the target system.
• DNS tunneling: This involves encapsulating DNS traffic within DNS protocols. This allows bypassing network security measures since the DNS queries are not encrypted and can carry payloads that are difficult to detect using standard security tools.
• Zone transfers: These transfers expose all the DNS records for a domain. Attackers can use this information as a resource for further attacks or reconnaissance activities.
• DNS hijacking: Attackers can modify unencrypted DNS configurations on a user’s device. This enables them to redirect users towards websites and potentially capture sensitive information during the process.
• Subdomain takeover: When unencrypted DNS records direct to resources that are no longer active (like a cloud service that has been decommissioned), an attacker can exploit it to gain control over that resource, and consequently the subdomain associated with it, to serve harmful content.
• Information disclosure: Unencrypted DNS queries can unintentionally reveal details about network structure. Attackers may exploit this information for reconnaissance purposes, enabling them to plan precise and targeted attacks.

6 benefits of DNS encryption

The benefits of DNS encryption are numerous for enterprises, small and mid-sized organizations, and even individuals. These benefits extend from financial and identity protection to superior defense against a variety of cyberattacks.

Financial protection

According to a 2023 report by IDC, the average financial impact of DNS attacks has escalated to $1.1 million per incident. DNS encryption serves as a financial safeguard by reducing the risk of costly data breaches and unauthorized data access.

Enhanced security against sophisticated attacks

Radware’s threat advisories indicate a rise in DNS flood attacks, which aim to overwhelm DNS servers with high volumes of requests. DNS encryption adds a layer of security that makes it more challenging for attackers to manipulate or intercept DNS traffic, helping to protect against such sophisticated attacks.

Integrity and confidentiality

DNS encryption ensures the integrity and confidentiality of DNS data. This is particularly crucial due to the emergence of advanced HTTP and DNS DDoS attacks employing techniques previously exclusive to nation-state actors. By encrypting DNS queries, organizations can be assured that they are interacting with the intended servers.

Mitigation of DNS spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks

DNS spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks are common techniques used in advanced DNS attacks, whereby the client is directed to a facsimile of the intended web page, where they then enter important data such as passwords or payment information. DNS encryption effectively mitigates the risks associated with these attacks by ensuring that DNS queries can’t be intercepted, read, and redirected by malicious actors.

Proactive defense strategy

As DNS attacks continue to evolve in complexity and scale, DNS encryption offers a proactive measure to secure DNS queries. It is not just an optional feature but a necessary component in a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy.

Reputation management

The reputational damage following a DNS attack can be devastating for enterprises. DNS encryption helps in maintaining the trust and credibility of an organization by ensuring the security and integrity of its DNS queries.

How to check and adjust your DNS encryption

Most modern web browsers, like Chrome, Firefox and Edge have a feature that lets users customize their DNS encryption settings. Typically you can find these settings by going to the “Settings” menu and then selecting “Privacy and Security.” It is important to note that the exact steps might be slightly different depending on the specific browser you are using.

For operating systems such as Windows 10 and newer versions, macOS, and Ubuntu, it’s often possible to configure DNS encryption settings at the system level. This means you can secure your DNS queries beyond web browsing activities. To adjust these settings it’s best to refer to your operating system’s documentation or support resources for detailed instructions.

Both Android and iOS smartphones have built-in support for DNS encryption. You can usually access these settings through the network or privacy options on your device.

Google Chrome

Google Chrome supports DoH and allows users to enable it manually. However, it is important to mention that Google Chrome employs a unique approach to DoH implementation. It doesn’t automatically switch to DoH but rather checks if the user’s existing DNS provider supports DoH. If it does, Chrome upgrades the DNS queries to DoH while retaining the user’s chosen DNS provider. This ensures a seamless transition to more secure DNS queries without altering user settings.

To manually check and activate DoH in Chrome:

1. Navigate to Settings.
2. Go to the Privacy and Security tab.
3. Scroll down to Advanced.
4. Where it says “Use secure DNS,” enable the feature by choosing a DNS provider from the dropdown menu or adding a custom provider.

Chrome comes preconfigured with several DoH providers such as Google DNS, Open DNS, and CloudFlare.

Microsoft Edge

Edge also allows users to manually configure DoH. To do so:

1. Navigate to your browser’s settings under the “Privacy, search, and services” section. 
2. Select a custom DoH provider or disable the feature altogether.

Note that Edge is also preconfigured with several DoH providers.

Firefox

Mozilla Firefox was one of the first browsers to implement DoH and even made it the default for users in several countries. You can enable or disable it through the browser’s settings under “Network Settings.” When you choose increased protection, Firefox defaults to a specific DoH provider, Cloudflare, although users can change this in the settings.

1. Navigate to Settings.
2. Go to the Privacy & Security tab.
3. Scroll down to DNS over HTTPS.
4. Select Increased Protection under “Enable secure DNS using.”

Opera

Users can enable DoH in Opera through the browser’s settings under the “Privacy & Security” section. This allows users to either use the default DoH provider or input a custom one. To check your DNS encryption settings:

1. Navigate to Settings.
2. Go to the Privacy & Security tab.
3. Scroll down to System.
4. Toggle the radio button.

Opera also uses Cloudflare by default for DoH.

Operating systems

• Windows: Support for DoH is being developed by Microsoft for Windows 10 and above. While users can currently configure DoH in the OS settings, this feature is still in its early stages and not yet widely adopted.
• macOS: For macOS users Apple has introduced encrypted DNS options starting with macOS Big Sur. Users can enable DoH in the system settings under network options, allowing system support for DoH.
• Ubuntu: Ubuntu users have the option to install and configure a DNS resolver like dnscrypt proxy to enable DoH. This provides a technical approach suitable for users comfortable with command-line interfaces.

Implementing DoH at the OS level ensures that all applications benefit from DNS queries, extending security beyond just web browsers. However, setting it up may require technical expertise.

DNS encryption on Android

In Android you can implement DNS encryption by using either DoT or DoH. Starting from Android 9 (Pie) the OS comes with built-in support for DNS over TLS. This means that all DNS queries made from the device can be encrypted, regardless of the app generating those queries.

To enable this feature users can navigate to Settings >. Internet > Advanced > Private DNS.

From there they have several options to choose from, including automatic selection (where Android will try to use DoT with your current DNS server), turning it off completely (which disables DoT), or entering the hostname of a DNS server that supports DoT.

DNS encryption on iOS

With iOS 14, Apple introduced support for DNS. Users now have the option to use either DoH or DoT to encrypt their DNS queries.

Configuring the settings for DNS encryption on iOS is not as straightforward as it is on Android. Generally, these settings are configured through profiles that are often installed via mobile device management (MDM) solutions or manually set up using a configuration profile.

Some third-party apps also provide methods for setting up encrypted DNS on iOS devices. After installing a profile or setting up an app, the DNS settings are applied throughout the system, providing a layer of security that benefits all apps.

Bottom line: DNS encryption is a critical component of cybersecurity

DNS encryption is an indispensable security measure in today’s cyber landscape. It offers a robust defense against various cyberthreats, including DNS spoofing, man-in-the-middle attacks, and data exfiltration. The adoption of DNS encryption protocols like DoT and DoH is increasingly becoming a standard best practice, not just an optional feature. 

Given the escalating threats targeting DNS, as evidenced by recent cyber threat intelligence reports referenced earlier, implementing DNS encryption is not merely advisable but essential for any organization committed to safeguarding its network and data.

Don’t stop at DNS: get to know the best encryption software for protecting data across your network.

The post What Is DNS Encryption? Definition, Benefits, and How to Check appeared first on Enterprise Networking Planet.

There are two primary types of encryption: symmetric and asymmetric.

• Symmetric encryption: Commonly used for private communication, data storage, and high-performance network connections.
• Asymmetric encryption: Used for secure email communication, safeguarding email communication, authenticating with digital signatures, and protecting online transactions.

Types of encryption: Symmetric vs. asymmetric encryption

What is symmetric encryption?

Symmetric encryption, also known as secret key encryption, involves the use of the same key for both encryption and decryption. It is fast and efficient, making it ideal for encrypting large amounts of data.

While this encryption method promotes speed and efficiency, it is less secure than asymmetric encryption because it uses a single key for both encryption and decryption. This makes it easier for hackers to break the code.

When is symmetric encryption used?

Symmetric encryption is the ideal choice for rapidly encrypting large amounts of data. It plays a key role in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) used by the U.S. government to encrypt classified information. It is also suitable for parties already sharing a secret key, especially when speed and efficiency are of utmost importance.

Real symmetric encryption examples

• Data storage: When you encrypt files on your computer or a USB drive using a password, it often involves symmetric encryption. The same password is used to both encrypt and decrypt the data.
• Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS): These protocols use symmetric network encryption to protect data transmitted over the internet, such as during online banking transactions or when you log in to a secure website.
• Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): Many VPN services use symmetric encryption to secure the data transmitted between your device and the VPN server, ensuring privacy and security while browsing the Internet.
• Disk encryption: Whole-disk encryption tools like BitLocker (Windows) and FileVault (macOS) use symmetric encryption to protect the entire contents of a hard drive or solid-state drive (SSD).
• Messaging apps: Some messaging apps like WhatsApp use symmetric encryption to safeguard the messages sent between users, so that only the recipient with the correct decryption key can read the messages.

What is asymmetric encryption?

Asymmetric encryption, also referred to as public key encryption, employs two distinct keys: one for encryption, which is public, and another for decryption, which is private. Entities may use this encryption to protect data and key exchanges over open, insecure channels. They also use it to authenticate and ensure data integrity.

This encryption is slower and less effective compared to symmetric encryption, but offers heightened security due to the public key’s shareability while keeping the private key confidential.

When is asymmetric encryption used?

Asymmetric encryption is suitable for situations that require secure key exchange over an unprotected medium, like the internet. It finds common usage in secure email (PGP), secure websites (HTTPS), online transactions, and digital signatures.

This encryption provides a solution for two parties to communicate privately without the need to share a pre-established key.

Real asymmetric encryption examples

• Secure email communication: When you send an encrypted email using platforms like PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) or S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), you use asymmetric encryption. You use the recipient’s public key for encryption, and only their private key can decrypt the message.

• Digital signatures: Users leverage asymmetric encryption to generate digital signatures for documents or software. When you sign a document with your private key, others can verify its authenticity using your public key.

• Secure web browsing (HTTPS): When you visit a secure website with an “https://” URL, asymmetric encryption enables establishing a secure connection between your browser and the web server. This encryption actively secures the data transfer between you and the website.

• Secure Shell (SSH): SSH protocol uses asymmetric encryption to authenticate and secure remote logins and file transfers between computers. Authentication relies on the server’s public key, while data encryption involves generating a session key.

• Blockchain technology: Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum employ asymmetric encryption for secure transactions and wallet management. Public and private keys are central to these blockchain systems.

Common encryption algorithms

Let’s look at the most popular encryption algorithms for symmetric and asymmetric encryption.

Symmetric encryption algorithms:

Symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and Twofish.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

AES is prevalent in secure communications, data storage, and various encryption tools. It uses block ciphers with key sizes of 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits.

Used in:

• SSL and TLS protocols.
• Full-disk encryption for protecting the contents of hard drives and SSDs.
• File and folder encryption in operating systems like Windows and macOS.
• Encryption of sensitive data in databases.

Data Encryption Standard (DES)

Users widely relied on DES, a symmetric encryption standard, in the past. However, it has become less secure than AES and is vulnerable to brute-force attacks. It uses a 56-bit key, and most have replaced it with more secure algorithms.

Historically used in:

• Financial transactions and banking systems.
• Secure communication within government and military applications.

Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (3DES)

3DES is a more secure variant of DES. It applies the DES algorithm three times in succession with different keys, providing stronger encryption.

Used in:

• Older payment processing systems.
• Legacy banking applications that have not yet migrated to more modern encryption standards.

Blowfish

Various applications have used Blowfish, a symmetric-key block cipher known for its simplicity and speed. However, it’s less common today because more secure alternatives are available.

Used in:

• VPN protocols.
• Disk encryption software.
• Protected communication within some legacy systems.

Twofish

Some security-conscious applications have used Twofish, another symmetric-key block cipher, mainly as an alternative to AES. However, it did not achieve as wide adoption as AES.

Used in:

• Secure communication in certain VPN implementations.
• Sensitive data encryption in specific software and systems that prioritize security.

Asymmetric encryption algorithms

Asymmetric encryption algorithms include RSA, ECC, DH, ECDH, DSA, and EdDSA.

Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)

RSA is a widely used public-key encryption algorithm for secure data transmission. It relies on the mathematical properties of large prime numbers.

Used in:

• Secure email communication through technologies like S/MIME.
• Protected web communication and encryption of data transmitted over HTTPS (TLS/SSL).
• Digital signatures for authentication and data integrity in digital certificates.
• Key exchange in secure protocols such as SSH.

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)

ECC delivers strong security with relatively small key sizes, making it suitable for resource-constrained devices like smartphones.

Used in:

• Cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies (e.g., Bitcoin uses ECC for key management).
• Secure messaging applications.
• Mobile device encryption and secure communications.
• Internet of things (IoT) security.

Diffie–Hellman (DH)

This mechanism enables two parties to craft a shared secret key, even over an unsecured channel. This shared secret key forms the cornerstone of their secure communication.

Used in:

• Establishing shared secret keys in protocols like SSL/TLS for secure web communication.
• Protected email communication.
• VPNs for secure data transmission.

Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH)

ECDH combines Diffie–Hellman with elliptic curve cryptography, offering reliable key exchange with strong security.

Used in:

• Private key exchange in encrypted messaging apps.
• Secure channel establishment in secure voice over IP (VoIP) applications.

Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)

DSA is an asymmetric algorithm used for digital signatures to verify data authenticity and integrity.

Used in:

• Digital signatures in digital certificates for secure web communication (although it has been largely replaced by RSA and ECC for this purpose).
• Cryptographic authentication in certain government and military applications.

EdDSA (Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm)

EdDSA is a more modern elliptic curve-based algorithm, known for its effectiveness and security in digital signature applications.

Used in:

• Cryptocurrency technologies, including the use of Ed25519 in some blockchain networks.
• Secure authentication and identity verification in private messaging and file sharing applications.

Bottom Line: When to use symmetric vs. asymmetric encryption

Symmetric and asymmetric encryption each play unique roles in data and network security.

Symmetric encryption excels in speed and efficiency, making it the go-to choice for encrypting large volumes of data and tasks like data storage and high-speed network communication.

Despite its slower speed, asymmetric encryption offers a robust security framework with its key distribution mechanism, proving essential for secure email, digital signatures, secure web browsing, and secure communications over untrusted networks.

The decision between symmetric and asymmetric encryption isn’t about which method is superior. Instead, it’s about choosing the right tool for the job to ensure optimal data security. This choice hinges on the specific security needs and operational requirements of a given system.

A well-designed security strategy might combine both encryption types to tackle diverse security challenges in the digital age. As security threats continue to grow, it becomes increasingly urgent to understand the strengths and weaknesses of these encryption methods. This understanding aids in making informed decisions about securing your organization’s sensitive information and communications.

Take the next step in your encryption journey and master encryption. Don’t miss out on our guide to the best encryption software to keep your data protected.

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